8 stages of social development

Contents
UNIT 4
Unit 4 Development

4.1 Page No
Social Development - 2
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development - 2 , 3
Stages of psychosocial development - 3 , 4 , 5 ,
Eight Stages of Social Development - 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
References - 13 , 14

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Social development theory attempts to explain qualitative changes in the structure and framework of society, that help the society to better realize its aims and objectives. Development can be broadly defined in a manner applicable to all societies at all historical periods as an upward ascending movement featuring greater levels of energy, efficiency, quality, productivity, complexity, comprehension, creativity, mastery, enjoyment and accomplishment.[1] Development is a process of social change, not merely a set of policies and programs instituted for some specific results. This process has been going on since the dawn of history. But during the last five centuries it has picked up in speed and intensity, and during the last five decades has witnessed a marked surge in acceleration.[2]
The basic mechanism driving social change is increasing awareness leading to better organization. Life evolves by consciousness and consciousness in turn progresses by organization. When society senses new and better opportunities for progress it accordingly develops new forms of organization to exploit these new openings successfully. The new forms of organization are better able to harness the available social energies and skills and resources to use the opportunities to get the intended results.
Development is governed by many factors that influence the results of developmental efforts. There must be a motive that drives the social change and essential preconditions for that change to occur. The motive must be powerful enough to overcome obstructions that impede that change from occurring. Development also requires resources such as

References: ^ Jump up to: a b Crain, William (2011). Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN 978-0-205-81046-8. ^ Jump up to: a b http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/erikson.htm ^ Jump up to: a b c Bee, Helen; Boyd, Denise (March 2009) Jump up ^ Axia College Materials (2010) ^ Jump up to: a b Allen, Eileen; Marotz, Lynn (2003) ^ Jump up to: a b c d Gross, F. L. (1987). Introducing Erik Erikson: An invitation to his thinking. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. p. 39. Jump up ^ Wright, Jr, J. Eugene (1982). Erikson: Identity and Religion. New York, NY: Seabury Press. p. 73. ISBN 0-8164-2362-8. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Stevens, Richard (1983). Erik Erikson: An Introduction. New York, NY: St. Martin 's Press. pp. 48–50. ISBN 978-0-312-25812-2. Jump up ^ Wilder, E. (2003). "The theoretical basis for the life model, Appendix B: Research and resources on human development". The Complete Guide to Living with Men. ISBN 978-0-9674357-5-6. Retrieved 2012-01-28. Jump up ^ Erikson, Erik H. (1993) [1950]. Childhood and Society. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-393-31068-9. Jump up ^ >Kail, Robert V. & Cavanaugh, John C. (2004). Human development: A life-span view (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-534-59751-1. Jump up ^ Erik H. Erikson: Childhood and Society, ch. 11 (1950). Jump up ^ Marcia, James E. (1966). "Development and validation of ego identity status" (PDF). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3: 551–558. doi:10.1037/h0023281. PMID 5939604. Retrieved 2012-01-28. Jump up ^ Erikson, Erik (1956). "The problem of ego identity" (pdf). Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4: 56–121. Retrieved 2012-01-28.