9 Blood Transfusion
BLOOD TRANSFUSION
THERAPY
Blood and
Blood Components
Platelets
White blood cells
BLOOD
• A mixture of cells
• A complex TRANSPORT mechanism
• Transports hormones
• Removes waste products
• Regulates body temperature
• Protects the body
• Promotes hemostasis
• Supplies oxygen
TRRPPS
COMPOSITION
OF BLOOD
•
•
•
•
•
•
Temperature
38C (100.4F) pH 7.35 - 7.45
Specific Gravity
1.048 – 1.066
Body weight
7%
5 times the viscosity of water
Volume
– Male
– Female
5 – 6 Liters
4 – 5 Liters
• BLOOD VOLUME:
– 7% of total body weight = varies by age & body composition
Blood
Volume
Kilograms of
Body Weight
Categor y mL/kg
Blood
Volume
Adult
Male
70 mL/kg
90 kg =
6300 mL
Adult
Female
70 mL/kg
60 kg =
4200 mL
Child
80 mL/kg
30 kg =
2400 mL
Neonate
85–90 mL/kg 3 kg = 255
– 270 mL
Portions of the
Blood
PLASM
A
PLATELETS
GRANULOCYTES
RED BLOOD CELLS
• Composed of:
• 55% plasma
• 45% cellular components • Plasma = fluid portion
• Coagulation factors
• Inorganic substances
• Antibodies
Plasma
• Liquid part of the blood
• Consists of serum and fibrinogen
• Contains plasma proteins such as:
– Albumin
– Serum globulins
– Fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasminogen
Cellular Components
• Formed elements of blood
– RBC = responsible for oxygen transport
ERYTHROCYTES
– WBC = play a major role in defense against microorganisms LEUKOCYTES
– Platelets = function in hemostasis
THROMBOCYTES
Understanding Blood
Transfusion Therapy
Brief history:
Jean-Baptiste Denys eminent physician to King Louis XIV of France, on June 15, 1667] . He transfused the blood of sheep into a 15-year-old boy, who survived the transfusion World War II Russian syringe for direct inter-human blood transfusion
Then, in the early 1800s an English obstetrician, James Blundell, came up
with the idea of human blood for human beings. The results were better, but still some patients inexplicably died. Finally, in 1920, Karl
Landsteiner identified the four basic blood types, and
THERAPY
Blood and
Blood Components
Platelets
White blood cells
BLOOD
• A mixture of cells
• A complex TRANSPORT mechanism
• Transports hormones
• Removes waste products
• Regulates body temperature
• Protects the body
• Promotes hemostasis
• Supplies oxygen
TRRPPS
COMPOSITION
OF BLOOD
•
•
•
•
•
•
Temperature
38C (100.4F) pH 7.35 - 7.45
Specific Gravity
1.048 – 1.066
Body weight
7%
5 times the viscosity of water
Volume
– Male
– Female
5 – 6 Liters
4 – 5 Liters
• BLOOD VOLUME:
– 7% of total body weight = varies by age & body composition
Blood
Volume
Kilograms of
Body Weight
Categor y mL/kg
Blood
Volume
Adult
Male
70 mL/kg
90 kg =
6300 mL
Adult
Female
70 mL/kg
60 kg =
4200 mL
Child
80 mL/kg
30 kg =
2400 mL
Neonate
85–90 mL/kg 3 kg = 255
– 270 mL
Portions of the
Blood
PLASM
A
PLATELETS
GRANULOCYTES
RED BLOOD CELLS
• Composed of:
• 55% plasma
• 45% cellular components • Plasma = fluid portion
• Coagulation factors
• Inorganic substances
• Antibodies
Plasma
• Liquid part of the blood
• Consists of serum and fibrinogen
• Contains plasma proteins such as:
– Albumin
– Serum globulins
– Fibrinogen, prothrombin, plasminogen
Cellular Components
• Formed elements of blood
– RBC = responsible for oxygen transport
ERYTHROCYTES
– WBC = play a major role in defense against microorganisms LEUKOCYTES
– Platelets = function in hemostasis
THROMBOCYTES
Understanding Blood
Transfusion Therapy
Brief history:
Jean-Baptiste Denys eminent physician to King Louis XIV of France, on June 15, 1667] . He transfused the blood of sheep into a 15-year-old boy, who survived the transfusion World War II Russian syringe for direct inter-human blood transfusion
Then, in the early 1800s an English obstetrician, James Blundell, came up
with the idea of human blood for human beings. The results were better, but still some patients inexplicably died. Finally, in 1920, Karl
Landsteiner identified the four basic blood types, and