The Sioux have staunchly maintained that the treaty ratified by the 1877 Act is void for several reasons, among which are the insufficient number of signatures, the coercive nature of the negotiations, and, most importantly, because the Black Hills were never for sale. Despite creating a Court of Claims to allow non-Indians to sue the federal government, claims by Indians were expressly barred until 1920. The Lakota’s appeal for monetary compensation, filed in 1923 and asserting that the seizure of the Black Hills constituted an illegal taking under the Fifth Amendment, represented the only legal avenue for any redress for the loss of their land, and for decades the Lakota pursued the claim despite the inadequacy of any monetary award (Lenane,…
The best realistic fiction always seems believable and logical with the situation of the story line. This is certainly true in the short read “Navajo Lessons.” In the story Celine and her brother Josh have to stay at their grandmother's house for the summer at a Navajo reservation. While there Josh and Celine are forced to learn the Navajo language, which is the only language her grandmother speaks. Celene dislikes this and doesn't want to learn the language, until one day when she and Josh have to run for help to save her grandmother before it is too late. In the story, the main theme is the importance of being open-minded and trying new things.…
This isn’t a specific social issue, but rather an entire community that is of importance to me. I have worked with members of the Tohono O’odham Nation (a Native American Tribe here in Southern Arizona); this community struggles with multiple issues from Diabetes to domestic violence. This community and the issues they struggle with are important to me because I do not feel that they are properly represented by the larger Southwestern community, nor do I feel that their struggles are adequately addressed. Currently, there is only one non-tribal agency on the Nation that can provide services to members still living on the Nation. Other agencies within Tucson may have Native American clients enrolled with them, but these are clients that are living in Tucson or the surrounding areas. Not many agencies are willing to travel out onto the…
In the early 1800s, White settlements were expanding westward. This threatened the Cherokee land which was located in the Southeastern part of the United States. This left the Cherokee with a big decision to make for their entire tribe. Would they relocate West ,or stay for the White settlements to invade where they call home. After all, the Cherokee had owned the land for over 10,000 years. It was not the United States’ land to take. This is why many of the Cherokee Nation felt the need to stay. Others wanted to move because they felt that if they did not, then the United States territory would override the Cherokee customs and they would have to follow United States laws. Clearly the best chance of survival for the Cherokee was to stay in…
The emancipation of the African slave who was now disconnected from their traditions and way of life after nearly 300 years, is seemingly a great gush from the dam to the ebbs and flows of the struggle. The end of slavery as we know it, presented a ball of mixed emotions among the nation; North and SOUTH. Some slaves were grossly ecstatic to be free. For example, when a slave girl named Caddy, from Goodman, Mississippi found she was free, went to her mistress, flipped up her dress and told her "Kiss my ass!" On the contrary, some slaves were apprehensive of being free. For example, one elderly slave woman reportedly said, "I ain' no free nigger! I is got a marster and mistiss! Dee right dar in de great house. Ef you don' believe me, you go dar an' see." Though most slaves were detached from their families, many managed to regroup and find their love ones after their emancipation and constructed close knit families. Land was an viable means of survival in the minds of newly freedmen and the government was eager to deem lands to the ex-slaves . On January 16, 1865, General William T. Sherman told the freedmen that they will receive the land they were in search of. They were granted the head of each family would receive "possessory title" to forty acres of land. Sherman also gave the use of Army mules, thus giving rise to the slogan, "Forty acres and a mule." Similarly in 1862 the Union military set aside land in Port Royal, South Carolina, which became known as the Port Royal experiment. The freedmen bureau was created to aid newly freed slaves in the transition from bondage to freedom in 1865. After Lincoln's assassination the succession of his Vice president, Andrew Johnson, to the presidency meant that the white owners of the lands, that were given to the freedmen, would be returned. Sharecropping became a sort of ebb in the…
The Miwok tribe was a Central Californian tribe. Miwoks had men leaders and women leaders, lived in small tribelets, and spoke Miwok language. Their food, clothes, and tools were different from that of others. The Miwoks had a very interesting life for all their different customs.…
band sang are a personal view of a Native American or Cherokee tribe. The lyrics…
“Ponyboy, listen don’t get tough. You’re not like the rest of us and don’t try to be…”-Two-bit Matthews Page 171. The Outsiders is a novel written by S.E Hinton in the 1960’s, the novel is based on a true story. The story is about Ponyboy, a teenager that belongs in the gang called Greasers. There is another gang that opposes the Greasers called the Socs. The two gangs live in two sides of Oklahoma, the Greasers being in the east, and the Socs being in the west. The Socs and the Greasers often fight each other. To society, the Greasers are low class and cause trouble, while the Socs are rich and can do no harm. Ponyboy dramatically changes throughout the novel, he starts to wonder if he should model himself to the members of his gang or follow his own path. There are three reasons to support my thesis statement.…
Slavery for women differ than it does for men, especially black women. During the times of the 1800s to the 1900s slave women fought extremely hard for their right to be free and to be considered equal to men. There were three well known slaves who told their stories of how women experienced slavery and freedom Sojourner Truth, Solomon Northup and Harriet Wilson.…
The Pilgrims Progress, composed in 1678 by John Bunyan, is said to have originally graced John in a dream. As a Preacher and English writer, Bunyan comprised this during the time in which he was imprisoned for preaching the word of God. This makes good sense because of the timing of it all. If there were ever to be a good time for a person to consider their life as it was and eventual death that would one day come, it would be the time in which they were imprisoned if they were ever to find themselves in such a situation. Bunyan seemingly wrote this allegorical story to track the main character’s journey that would eventually lead him to find his salvation. As the author uses an allegorical style, he apologizes for it in the preface of the text but it actually saves the reader. Allegory uses symbolism as a disguised representation for meanings. Without allegory, the characters would have names that could easily take on the persona of any one person. The characters that Bunyan utilizes in this piece truly appear to be universal. The personalities of the characters that were conveyed could have been found just as easily in 1678 as they could in the present day. Carl Rollyson states that John Bunyan was a Puritan who wrote about every earnest Christian’s continuous search for salvation (394). The primary purpose was not only to spread the word, but to continue to strengthen faith and win souls as well. The author was fascinated with the ideas that backed the human experience. Evidence of this comes from some of the names that were assessed to his allegorical characters. These personalities such as Mr. Feeble-Mind, Mr. Talkative, Mr. Money-Love, and Mr. Save-All were just a few that were created from involvement in everyday life. Likewise, the allegorical stops in the way such as Valley of Humiliation, Slough of Despond, Vanity, and the Delectable Mountains can be closely compared to places…
In The Journey to the West, Pilgrim and the woodcutter seem to be similar where they both feel that they have a purpose in life. However, their situations are different from one another. For instance, Pilgrim tries to better himself by seeking the immortals, as well as, gaining eternal youth. He is full of passion, desire, and excitement, which has lead him to have no worrisome thoughts. He has nothing holding him back from the tasks that he wishes to accomplish. Unlike the Pilgrim, the woodcutter continuously is concerned about his mother and how he is going to make enough money each day to take care of her. The immortals even taught the woodcutter a poem that would help him to calm down because of his worrisome feelings. Pilgrim is someone that follows his curiosity to find newer and bigger things, while the woodcutter is merely a slave to his obligations of making a decent living. Due to his obligations, the woodcutter does not have any dreams for his future, and even if he did, he would never dare follow them.…
Black Americans, segregation, and slavery. Most of the people who have studied American history recognize the inhumane actions towards people of color during the 1960’s and 1980’s. Yet, people often are not aware of the similar acts perpetrated on the Native Americans during the same period of time. The Native Americans had to suffer their past of external shame imposed on their culture and tradition by the White American society, followed by a coercion of White American culture due to the government proposal of the “Indian problem.” Nevertheless, the Native Americans maintained their pride in their identity and culture internally, within their tribes, and carried out such acts as Ghost Dance, valuing their own tradition. While it may seem paradoxical, both shame and pride of culture and identity simultaneously resonate in Native Americans today as a means of letting go of the unpleasant past and moving on to the future with a new hope.…
Depending on where you're from and where you've lived in the United States, you probably say things a little differently than people from other parts of the country. American Tongues is a documentary that films different varieties of English that people speak all around the United States. American Tongues is a documentary that films different varieties of English that people speak all around the United States. The English language is composed of many linguistic varieties, such as Black English, Standard English, Appalachian English, southern English, New York dialect, and Spanish influenced English and many more. The movie represents some of the social and regional differences in how Americans speak and portray their opinions and attitudes on how different everyone is. People’s attitudes about dialects and accents that are typically negative toward one another and are seen as sub-standard forms of English.…
In his The Way of White Folks, Hughes illustrates the blacks’ feeling of frustration and resistance towards the white-Americans that they live within the society they are in. When on analyzes his short stories, one can see the techniques Hughes used, to illustrate how the whites treats the blacks. Although Hughes blurs the racial line which separates the North America from the South, he effectively illustrates that the how the upper class treats the black with less violence, but still with belittling condescension. In addition, through the medium of music, Hughes demonstrates the envy of many American whites because many of the blacks are artistically talented. With the use of the strategies, Hughes…
As most anthropologist have done, Rosaldo researched and engulfed himself into a new culture. But his writing and personal connection to the culture differ him from others, researching and living with the Ilongot tribe, and the culture of head hunting. Rosaldo was not satisfied with the original explanation, headhunting as a solution to rage and grief. Headhunting being a taboo subject or act to think of in his western Christian mindset, to take another life for selfie need. As defined and reasoned by he locates raids, or head hunting outings, are a need to ‘toss away’ anger and grief. The act of beheading is not ritualized, as it is more than going through the motions of rituals, like the death ceremony. Instead it supplies a more personal…