Acids and Bases Lap Report

Acids and Bases

Mirza Hasan Mammadov

Acids and bases are really important in our daily day life. So let’s start with telling the definitions of them. Starting with acids, they are a substance which dissociates in water in order to produce one or more hydrogen ions. Also we can write H+ instead of hydrogen ion. Bases have the same definition, although the difference is that it firm hydroxide ions instead of hydrogen ions. We can write OH- instead of hydroxide ion.
All alkali is bases but not all bases are alkali. However a base is normally a metal oxide or hydroxide. If the base is soluble in water, it is given a special name alkali
If people know the properties of acids and bases, they could make it in a better possible way.
Properties of Acid and Bases Acid | Base | Acids release a hydrogen ion into water solution. | Releases a hydroxide ion into water solution | Acids neutralize bases in a neutralization reaction | Neutralize acids in a neutralization reaction | Acids corrode active metals | Denature protein | Acid turn blue litmus to red | Bases turn red litmus to blue | Acid taste sour | Bases taste bitter |

Acidic and basic are two extremes that describe a chemical property chemicals. The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. So basically a neutral water should have a pH of 7, but usually we see that they might be 6.8 or 7.5. That is still drinking water. Usually water with pH of 7 is much expensive than the average one which is usually from 6.8 to 7.5 .

Some common acid and bases with their pH scale : Common Acids | pH | Common Bases | pH | Hydrochloric acid
Sulphuric acid
Stomach juice
Lemons
Vinegar
Apples
Oranges
Grapes
Sour milk
White bread
Fresh milk | 0.1
0.3
1-3
2.3
2.9
3.1
3.5
4
4.4
5.5
6.5 | Human saliva
Distilled water
Blood plasma
Eggs
Seawater
Borax
Milk of magnesia
Ammonia water
Limewater
Caustic soda | 6-8
7
7.4
7.8
7.9
9.2
10.5
11.6
12.4
14 |

The picture below is a good diagram to explain the pH scale.

We use many acids and bases but most of us do not even notice if they are acids or bases. Like orange contains Vitamin C and Vitamin C is an acid which is really helpful for our body. Another example for an acid, we can mention nitric acid which contains in lemon. . Also the stomach contains an acid used to digest food, this is called hydrochloric acid. When the levels of hydrochloric acid reach a level that is too high for the stomach, the human goes through something called indigestion. In this case the stomach needs a dose of alkali to balance the hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Taking an indigestion tablet, which is a base, would even out the acid

Ammonia dissolves in water to make an alkaline solution. When it reacts with nitric acid, it makes a neutral salt called ammonium nitrate. Ammonium nitrate is an especially good fertilizer since it has nitrogen from two sources, the ammonia and the nitric acid. So we can mention that as a daily life usage.

In conclusion, this essay showed the importance of acids and bases in our daily life. Some acids can be dangerous but at the same time some can be really useful. Acids and bases are essential part of our life and it fulfills the living organism’s needs.

Bibliography: * http://qldscienceteachers.tripod.com/junior/chem/acid.html * http://www.chemtutor.com/acid.htm * http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html * http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_base_and_an_alkali * http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/review/acid_base/index.html * http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/ph.htm

Bibliography: * http://qldscienceteachers.tripod.com/junior/chem/acid.html * http://www.chemtutor.com/acid.htm * http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/184ph.html * http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_a_base_and_an_alkali * http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/review/acid_base/index.html * http://www.chem.tamu.edu/class/majors/tutorialnotefiles/ph.htm