ACIDSBASESAcidsBases BasicsAcids And Bases Are Common
ACIDS
&
BASES
Acids/Bases Basics
Acids and bases are common solutions that exist everywhere. Almost every liquid that we encounter in our daily lives consists of acidic and basic properties, with the exception of water. They have completely different properties and are able to neutralize to form H2O, which will be discussed later in a subsection. The table below compares the different properties between them:
pH Scale
Since acids increase the amount of H+ ions present and bases increase the amount of OH- ions, under the pH scale, the strength of acidity and basicity can be measured by its concentration of H+ ions. This scale is shown by the following formula: pH = -log[H+] with [H+] being the concentration of H+ ions.
The pH scale is often measured on a 1 to 14 range, but this is incorrect (see pH for more details). Something with a pH less than 7 indicates acidic properties and greater than 7 indicates basic properties. A pH at exactly 7 is neutral. The higher the [H+], the lower the pH.
Neutralization
Neutralization is a reaction where an acid and a base cancel each other out to form a salt and water. With strong acids and bases, the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxylions to form water. Neutralization can be seen in our daily life; our stomach becomes acidic everyday.
What are some examples of pH indicators?
Red Cabbage Indicator, would be known as a natural indicator. When boiled, it can be used to determine acids, basics or neutral items/products.
Litmus Paper is another indicator and is known as a synthetic indicator. This also helps determine acids, basics and neutral items/products.
Explain the process of how to measure the pH of the acid or base using indicators.
1. Collect a spotting tile
2. Place drops of the different acid/base on the spotting tile
3. Place 1-2 drops of the natural indicator on the acid/base
4. Observe the colour change
5. Estimate/check the pH
&
BASES
Acids/Bases Basics
Acids and bases are common solutions that exist everywhere. Almost every liquid that we encounter in our daily lives consists of acidic and basic properties, with the exception of water. They have completely different properties and are able to neutralize to form H2O, which will be discussed later in a subsection. The table below compares the different properties between them:
pH Scale
Since acids increase the amount of H+ ions present and bases increase the amount of OH- ions, under the pH scale, the strength of acidity and basicity can be measured by its concentration of H+ ions. This scale is shown by the following formula: pH = -log[H+] with [H+] being the concentration of H+ ions.
The pH scale is often measured on a 1 to 14 range, but this is incorrect (see pH for more details). Something with a pH less than 7 indicates acidic properties and greater than 7 indicates basic properties. A pH at exactly 7 is neutral. The higher the [H+], the lower the pH.
Neutralization
Neutralization is a reaction where an acid and a base cancel each other out to form a salt and water. With strong acids and bases, the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxylions to form water. Neutralization can be seen in our daily life; our stomach becomes acidic everyday.
What are some examples of pH indicators?
Red Cabbage Indicator, would be known as a natural indicator. When boiled, it can be used to determine acids, basics or neutral items/products.
Litmus Paper is another indicator and is known as a synthetic indicator. This also helps determine acids, basics and neutral items/products.
Explain the process of how to measure the pH of the acid or base using indicators.
1. Collect a spotting tile
2. Place drops of the different acid/base on the spotting tile
3. Place 1-2 drops of the natural indicator on the acid/base
4. Observe the colour change
5. Estimate/check the pH