Countrywide Financial was a mortgage-banking firm. They had one of the largest market shares in the early 2000s, when the mortgage market was booming. “No company pursued growth in home loans more aggressively than Countrywide” (NY Times 12/10). They were the leader of their industry, with 500 billion in home loans, 62,000 employees, 900 offices, and $200 billion in assets. Everything had been going well for the company and its employees, until the mortgage crisis began to unfold at the end of 2006. In June 2009, the SEC filed a civil suit against the founder of the business and some of his top management for fraud and insider trading. This came at the height of the mortgage crisis in the US. The founder of Countrywide, Angelo Mozilo, finally agreed to pay $45million in profits and $22.5 million in civil penalties, in which he still admits no wrongdoing.…
Goldman Sachs, one of the most important financial institutions in the US suffered from the historic financial crisis in 2008, particularly because of the demise of insurer AIG given the systemic disruption in the markets and the collateral damage provoked by trading operations with AIG.…
The article introduces credit default swaps and explores the problems of the credit derivatives. By analyzing the AIG’s bailout, the article describes the regulation gap in the CDS market and states the regulation reform after the crisis. Part I is background, generally introduces the Wall Street crisis. How it happened? What consequence it has? Part II is mainly about AIG’s CDS business: how AIG got involved in the crisis and why the biggest world insurance company suddenly collapsed. Part III is about credit default swaps: definition, construction, and problems. Part IV is concerned on the regulation reform after AIG’s failure.…
Then the world’s largest insurance company, AIG, has huge problems and doesn’t have the money to pay off promises they made that Lehman wouldn’t go bankrupt. AIG was in desperate need of cash and the government had to save them. The government used $85 billion dollars for bailout and now owned AIG.…
The start of problems facing AIG began during the tenure of Greenberg as AIGs' CEO. It was during tenure that the company expanded from its initial line of insurance into other many complex lines of business and insuring risks that only a few other companies would consider handling. This led to the involvement of the company in businesses that it did not fully comprehend. AIG started investing in many different types of securities which included mortgage backed securities and also credit derivatives trading. AIG then went ahead to become a leading player in these markets, insuring other company's debt obligations against losses due to its excellent credit rating at the time.…
The Stock Market Crash reflected an economic weakness that proved to be fatal : over confidence in the stock market . Americans found the stock market an avenue for productive investment because of the rapid growth in the stock market . In the belief that the value of stocks will continue to rise , and they can earn a profit from it , even the less fortunate gambled on the stock market . Investors paid only a small part of the price and borrowed the rest , gambling that they could sell the stock at a high enough price to repay the loan and make a profit.…
Greedy can be defined as having a strong desire to have more than you have already got. The bankers discussed in this piece, who were involved in the creation of products they knew little about, fit this definition perfectly. Collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) are an example of one of these products. They are bonds linked to loan packages that are sold to investors for a price that reflects their level of risk; and so are separated the originator of the debt from the bearer of the by-product. Parts of these CDOs are then supposedly insured by a complex financial instrument, known as a credit default swap (CDS), to free them from any risk they may have. However, due to their complexity, the bankers who produced them did not comprehend the extent at which the economy could be affected by their ‘risk free’ innovation, and so their lack of understanding and their blindness to everything other than their own assets, led to the creation of one of the root causes for the financial crisis. Through analysing and evaluating a variety of academic sources which explore the causes of the financial crisis of 2007-2008, I aim to prove my argument that I agree with the analysis posed in the title- that due to the greed and ignorance of bankers, their financial innovations were the main cause of the financial crisis. This essay will begin by discussing the viewpoints of Paul Mason on the awareness of bankers towards the products they were producing and selling, the reasons behind the creation of these products, and the impact that these financial innovations had upon the economy. It shall then examine the implications of Andrew W. Lo,…
Imagine that this boys parents’ discover one day with their financial planners that they lost all of their investments and insurances in which they paid dearly. The parents had agreed to make an investment so they and their children could have a secured future protection against market risks. Well, it became a reality for many Americans. This devastating loss left many taxpayers with misappropriated assets along with a burden to pay the “bill” for the bailout of AIG.…
The documentary Inside Job, directed by Charles Ferguson, explains the financial crisis of the late 2000s that culminated with the Wall Street collapse in 2008. Beginning with a background of the American financial industry, the film tells the story of how banking practices caused the eventual global recession. Up until the 1980’s, the US financial system was highly regulated, at which point began a long period of “deregulation”. One of the more significant results of this deregulation was the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, also known as the “Citigroup Relief Act”, which allowed the merger between Citicorp and Travelers to occur. The US policy of deregulation cleared the way for even more increasingly risky and unethical behavior on Wall Street, such as the addition of derivatives designed by financial engineers, which allowed financial bankers to “gamble on anything.” When a proposal was issued to regulate these derivates, Clinton’s administration quickly shut it down.…
--“…Lehman Brothers was forced to seek bankruptcy protection yesterday, while an even bigger institution, Merrill Lynch, was pushed into a merger to avoid the same fate. And American International Group, the largest insurer in the United States, declared that it needs at least a $40-billion (U.S.) lifeline to shore up its deteriorating capital base and prevent credit downgrades. The U.S. government, which had earlier stepped in to salvage two battered mortgage giants, drew the line at Lehman Brothers”…
The main arguments against monetary rewards are: 1) employees may cease to perform activities if they are not compensated for doing them and 2) monetary rewards decrease the intrinsic motivation. The main argument for monetary rewards is that monetary rewards provide a goal for employees to work toward. If they know that they will receive a bonus for excellent performance, then they may work harder. I don’t think that KPMG should continue to give bonuses. It may create inequity for the people who feel they are under rewarded. Also, there may be some disparity amongst the people who do not receive any bonuses and those that do. Additionally, it may create a hostile work environment where employees are always striving to be better than others, rather than part of a team.…
This paper focuses on the financial demise of AIG and the corporate culture that pushed it there. It lays out specific factors that contributed to the bailout of the company and the ethical conduct of the executives that contributed to the poor decisions that led the company to a massive failure and ultimately, a bailout. Even though the company is on the road to recovery, its reputation has been damaged and some wonder if it will truly recover.…
2. Based on the framework developed by Khanna et al., what types of strategies should foreign insurance companies pursue? What did AIG do to cope with the institutional voids?…
Waves of corporate shenanigans continue to shadow the financial sectors despite the near cataclysmic collapse of the global financial system in 2008-09. While it has been dubbed the most disastrous financial event since the 1929 Great Depression, the question arise whether the concerns of widespread negative effects justified and the relentless pressure on Regulators to do more to reduce the impact of financial disasters? The Icelandic financial crisis of 2008–2011 suggests that the insistence is necessary. Iceland’s economy collapsed and its stock market lost 90% of its value when its three major commercial banks failed following a bank run on one bank that spread to the others! Closer home, the January 2009 insolvency of Colonial Life Insurance Company (CLICO) of Trinidad and Tobago, the largest insurance provider then, represented a major financial shock to the Caribbean. CLICO’s collapse impacted all CARICOM states except for Jamaica and Haiti. In the wake of banks and Insurance failures, investors were further confronted with the demise of a plethora of ponzi schemes that also stretched across national boundaries - Bernard Madoff (USA); Allen Stanford (USA and Antigua); and Cash Plus, Olint and World Wise, the three largest schemes in Jamaica, to name a few. The speed and severity of these financial let downs - global, regional and or national - show how interconnected the financial system is and the wide effects one failure can have. The possibility of widespread financial disasters has placed regulatory regimes under intense scrutiny.…
3. The Lehman’s executives played a major part in the company’s collapse. They had no regard for their employees. The executives were basically showing the employees that it wouldn’t be a big deal if they cheated their way to the top. They didn’t care if the employees cut corners to finish a goal or made a risky decision. All they cared about was the money. The executives used an accounting device Repo 105 to get $50 billion dollars in undesirable assests off their balance sheets.…