Alcohol and Ir Spectrum
Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides
Title: Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides
Abstract: In this experiment the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides are investigated through reflux and simple distillation. These are common procedures used to separate substances. After the reflux and distillation is complete 13C NMR and IR spectrum is used to identify the product or products for each reaction: 1a, 1b, and 2. Every individual in the group was assigned either 1a (1-propanol) or 1b (2-pentanol), and 2 (1,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol). The purpose of this experiment was to understand and become familiar with the reaction mechanisms and be able to observe and compare the product or products for each of the reactions using 13C NMR and IR. The reaction of 1-propanol (1a) with NaBr/H2SO4 was 1-bromopropane, the reaction of 2-pentanol (1b) with NaBr/H2SO4 was 2-bromopentane and the reaction of 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol with HCl/ZnCl2 was 2,4-dimethyl-3-chloropentane.
Background: Alcohols are capable of being converted to metal salts, alkyl halides, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. In this experiment the conversion from alcohol to alkyl halides was investigated. Alkyl halides are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are used as flame retardants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. As a group, students convert three alcohols to alkyl halides under acidic conditions and record the 13C NMR spectrum in each case. The reaction that takes place in the conversion is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, or SN2 reaction. Alcohols do not undergo the same SN2 reactions commonly observed with alkyl halides. There are four aspects that determine the rate of the SN2 reaction: nucleophile, substrate, solvent and the leaving group. This reaction requires a lone pair from a nucleophile to donate an electron-pair in the formation of a chemical bond; it then attacks the bonds to an electrophilic
Title: Conversion of Alcohols to Alkyl Halides
Abstract: In this experiment the conversion of alcohols to alkyl halides are investigated through reflux and simple distillation. These are common procedures used to separate substances. After the reflux and distillation is complete 13C NMR and IR spectrum is used to identify the product or products for each reaction: 1a, 1b, and 2. Every individual in the group was assigned either 1a (1-propanol) or 1b (2-pentanol), and 2 (1,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol). The purpose of this experiment was to understand and become familiar with the reaction mechanisms and be able to observe and compare the product or products for each of the reactions using 13C NMR and IR. The reaction of 1-propanol (1a) with NaBr/H2SO4 was 1-bromopropane, the reaction of 2-pentanol (1b) with NaBr/H2SO4 was 2-bromopentane and the reaction of 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol with HCl/ZnCl2 was 2,4-dimethyl-3-chloropentane.
Background: Alcohols are capable of being converted to metal salts, alkyl halides, esters, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids. In this experiment the conversion from alcohol to alkyl halides was investigated. Alkyl halides are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are used as flame retardants, refrigerants, propellants, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. As a group, students convert three alcohols to alkyl halides under acidic conditions and record the 13C NMR spectrum in each case. The reaction that takes place in the conversion is a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution, or SN2 reaction. Alcohols do not undergo the same SN2 reactions commonly observed with alkyl halides. There are four aspects that determine the rate of the SN2 reaction: nucleophile, substrate, solvent and the leaving group. This reaction requires a lone pair from a nucleophile to donate an electron-pair in the formation of a chemical bond; it then attacks the bonds to an electrophilic
References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haloalkane http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Reactions-of-Alcohols.topicArticleId-23297,articleId-23272.html http://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/alcohol1.htm http://chemistry.about.com/cs/5/f/bldistillation.htm http://facultystaff.vwc.edu/~jeaster/courseinfo/Tutorials/reactions/Sn2.htm