While Adler agreed with many of his fellow psychologists,
While Adler agreed with many of his fellow psychologists,
Psychoanalytic- Freud: His theory suggested there are three parts to the structure of personality- ID, Ego and Superego. They may not all be present at birth but will develop as a child develops. His theories on the unconscious mind and peoples actions are still shown for example when…
To Freud, the mind was a mechanistic energy system that derived mental energy from the physical functioning of the body and constantly attempted to moderate this physical effort or tension by restoring it to a quiet steady (quiescent) state. This energy is not evenly distributed to all human purpose or functioning, and if blocked from expression will manifest itself as anxiety, which through cathartic release, prescribes a least resistant path of action. Because anxiety is painful, the mind attempts to cope with this state through a range of defence mechanisms that alter reality and supress feelings that stimulate this state. The mind and its energies (derived from drives or…
One of Adler’s key concepts is how he viewed human nature. Adler abandoned Freud’s basic theories because he believed that Freud was excessively narrow in his stress on biological and instinctual determination. However, like Freud, Adler believed that what the individual became in adult life was largely influenced by the first six years of their lives. I was taught this in teachers college and now I am out in the field, I do believe this to be true. It’s like you get them as blank slates as John Locke said and you have to write on it positively if we want productive human beings. He believed that behaviour is purposeful, goal oriented and that consciousness not the unconscious is the centre of personality. Adler stress choice and responsibility, meaning of life and the striving for success or perfection, unlike Freud. His perspective was that humans were not merely determined by hereditary and environment instead they have the capacity to interpret, influence, and create events. He also believed that what we were born with was not the central issue but what we do with the abilities we posses, is most crucial.…
Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. Learning about personality helps us to understand how and why people act the way they do. There are four perspectives of personality: psychoanalytic perspective, humanistic perspective, social cognitive perspective and trait perspective. The psychoanalytic emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes and the influence of early childhood experience. The humanistic perspective represents an optimistic look at human nature, emphasizing the self and the fulfillment of the person’s unique potential. The social cognitive perspective…
Our personality is our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting (Psychology David G Myers), it’s the combination of traits that ‘outlines the doctrine of uniqueness’ (Gifts Differing – Understanding Personality Types) that sets us apart from everyone else. Psychologists vary between themselves concerning the meaning of personality. Most would agree that it originated from the Latin word persona’ – meaning a theoretical mask – but they differ on how an individual obtains this ‘unique mask’ (i.e. how they develop their personality) and thus this brings the divers theories of personality. This essay will compare and contrast two popular theories: one being the: Psychoanalytic theory, and the other a Humanistic approach.…
Feist & Feist (2006) described Adler’s concept of humanity as that people are self-determinant, and their unique personalities are shaped by how they interpret…
The psychoanalytic perspective speaks too how childhood and early development as well as unconscious thinking shape a person's personality. Sigmund Freud was that founder of psychoanalysis. Freud felt that humans behaved a certain way based on the preconscious, the conscious and the unconscious mind. He felt not only were the things we were aware of shaping our behavior but that their were inner forces that we weren’t aware of (unconscious mind) that controlled our behaviors even though we didn’t know they were there.…
The separate aspects that add up to the entire sum of what each individual develops into developed the basis of Adlerian Theory. This paper will address the connection between Adlerian theory and early psychodynamic theory and contemporary family systems. Adler’s greatest contribution to modern psychology will be included. The important influences on personality development that Adler thought important will be discussed. A treatment plan from an Adlerian approach will be used to respond to Darnell, a cases study that is correlated with this class.…
Alfred W. Adler was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology. His emphasis on the importance of feelings of inferiority the inferiority complex is recognized as isolating an element which plays a key role in personality development. Alfred Adler considered human beings as an individual whole, therefore he called his psychology "Individual Psychology". Adler was the first to emphasize the importance of the social element in the re-adjustment process of the individual and who carried psychiatry into the community. In collaboration with Sigmund Freud and a small group of Freud's colleagues, Adler was among the co-founders of the psychoanalytic movement and a core member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society: indeed, to Freud he was the only personality there. He was the first major figure to break away from psychoanalysis to form an independent school of psychotherapy and personality theory, which he called individual psychology because he believed a human to be an indivisible whole, an individuum. He also imagined a person to be connected or associated with the surrounding world. This was after Freud declared Adler's ideas as too contrary, leading to an ultimatum to all members of the Society (which Freud had shepherded) to drop Adler or be expelled, disavowing the right to dissent. Nevertheless Freud always took Adler's ideas seriously, calling them honorable errors.…
Adler, author of the book, Understanding Human Nature, focused on “Individual Psychology”. He originally began working alongside Freud, but then withdrew from the group to begin his own work. His focus of individual psychology was the concept of “Inferiority Complex”. The definition of Inferiority Complex is a condition to develop when a person is unwilling to compensate for normal Inferiority…
Lastly, Adler focused on childhood and social interactions. He had a strong focus on inferiority complexes, their causes, and ways people deal with them. He also developed the idea of ideal self and the real self. He further stressed the significance of when a child is born into a family.…
Sigmund Freud, generally accepted as the funding father of psychology, is the psychologist that interests me most by far, and his theory about personality also greatly draws my attention. In his theory, the personality consists of three systems: the id, the ego and the superego, which respectively represents primitive demands, referee between instinct needs and society standards, and the morality. Those three systems aim at seeking for balance through a process of affecting one another with their own purposes. When these systems are not in harmony with one another, which always happens, the defense mechanisms start working in the unconscious level, meaning that people who took the action may probably not be aware it is due to the defense mechanism.…
The psychoanalytic approach on personality states that human behavior is determined by irrational forces, and the unconscious as well as instinctual and biological drives. When talking about the Psychoanalytic approach one should automatically think of the name Sigmund Freud. Freud was the first to develop a system of psychotherapy called psychoanalysis. He was an Austrian neurologist who used hypnosis to treat his patients. Freud discovered the unconscious through the observation of his hysteria patients. After awhile he felt that hypnosis wasn’t doing enough so he used a technique he called “free association”, and he continued to write about the development of his theories. Freud’s “theories of the dynamic unconscious, personality development, personality structure, psychopathology, the methodology of psychoanalytic investigation, and methods of treatment” (Otto Kernberg) have had great impact on psychology. Other scholars also made contributions to the psychoanalytic approach to personality theory; these people were called the Neo Freudians. These different perspectives were created by scholars such as; Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Erik Erikson, and Karen Horney. Neo-Freudians agreed that childhood experiences influenced adult personality and the unconscious being a main cause of behavior. However, they did not agree that the adult personality was fully developed through experiences of a child at age 5 and 6.…
It emphasized on the basic role of social relationships in the formation and development of personality. Alfred Adler, viewed consumers as seeking to overcome feelings of inferiority. Harry Stack Sullivan believed that people try to establish significant and rewarding relationships among each other. Karen Horney saw individuals as trying to overcome feelings of anxiety and categorized them as compliant, aggressive, or detached.…
Personality is an intriguing component in psychology vital for perception of human beings. Different theories of personality adopt different levels of explaining features of human beings. Two theories meet the conditions of personality and theories of development, Freud's psychoanalytic theory later followed by Erikson's psychosocial theory.…