American gangster

Group 1
Human trafficking is the trade in humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor or for the extraction of organs or tissues, including surrogacy and ova removal .Human trafficking can occur within a country or internationally. Human trafficking is a crime against the person because of the violation of the victim's rights through coercion and exploitation. Victims of human trafficking are generally forced to work for or provide services to the trafficker or others. They are held against their will through acts of coercion. The work or services may include anything from bonded or forced labor to commercialized sexual exploitation.
Human Trafficking targets…
An estimated 17,500 foreign nationals are trafficked annually in the United States alone. The number of US citizens trafficked within the country are even higher, with an estimated more than 200,000 American children at high risk for trafficking into the sex industry each year.”[3] “Victims of trafficking often come from vulnerable populations, including migrants, oppressed or marginalized groups, runaways or displaced persons, and the poor.”[4]
Trafficking affects both people from the US and not from the US. Sometimes the victim came, of her/his own accord, to the country and then fell into trouble; sometimes victims are duped from the very beginning; sometimes they are from the US. A victim of trafficking does not speak a particular language or have a particular race; a victim of trafficking can look like anyone
(80% of trafficked persons are women and children.)This does not mean that men are not victims of trafficking. Men are more likely to be victims of forced labor (e.g.: day laborers, construction or restaurant workers, etc.), while women and children are often exploited in the sex industry. These are not fixed rules, however, but general trends. 3. Who is a trafficker?
They may operate as individuals, families, or more organized groups of criminals, and are facilitated by other ‘indirect’ beneficiaries, such as advertising, distribution, or retail companies and consumers. Both women and men act as traffickers in labor and sex trafficking operations. Traffickers may be professional or non-professional criminals because of the low-startup cost of creating a trafficking business. Trafficking is appealing because it is so lucrative it is the third largest industry worldwide.
Trafficking in children it involves the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of children for the purpose of exploitation. The commercial sexual exploitation of children can take many forms, including forcing a child into prostitution or other forms of sexual activity or child pornography. Child exploitation may also involve forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude, the removal of organs, illicit international adoption, trafficking for early marriage, recruitment as child soldiers, for use in begging or as athletes (such as child camel jockeys or football players), or for recruitment for cults.
IOM statistics indicate that a significant minority (35%) of trafficked persons it assisted in 2011 were less than 18 years of age, which is roughly consistent with estimates from previous years. It was reported in 2010 that Thailand and Brazil were considered to have the worst child sex trafficking records.
Traffickers in children may take advantage of the parents' extreme poverty. Parents may sell children to traffickers in order to pay off debts or gain income, or they may be deceived concerning the prospects of training and a better life for their children. They may sell their children into labor, sex trafficking, or illegal adoptions.
Traffickers in children may take advantage of the parents' extreme poverty. Parents may sell children to traffickers in order to pay off debts or gain income, or they may be deceived concerning the prospects of training and a better life for their children. They may sell their children into labor, sex trafficking, or illegal adoptions.
The adoption process, legal and illegal, when abused can sometimes result in cases of trafficking of babies and pregnant women from developing countries to the West. In David M. Smolin’s papers on child trafficking and adoption scandals between India and the United States, he presents the systemic vulnerabilities in the inter-country adoption system that makes adoption scandals predictable.
Sexual trafficking
Sexual trafficking includes coercing a migrant into a sexual act as a condition of allowing or arranging the migration. Sexual trafficking uses physical or sexual coercion, deception, abuse of power and bondage incurred through forced debt. Trafficked women and children, for instance, are often promised work in the domestic or service industry, but instead are sometimes taken to brothels where they are used in Sex worker, with their passports and other identification papers confiscated. They may be beaten or locked up and promised their freedom only after earning – through prostitution – their purchase price, as well as their travel and visa costs.
‘Victims are generally found in dire circumstances and easily targeted by traffickers. Individuals, circumstances, and situations vulnerable to traffickers include homeless individuals, runaway teens, displaced homemakers, refugees, job seekers, tourists, kidnap victims and drug addicts. While it may seem like trafficked people are the most vulnerable and powerless minorities in a region, victims are consistently exploited from any ethnic and social background.
There are three main types of human trafficking:
Trafficking for forced labour
Trafficking for sexual exploitation
Trafficking of organs

Types of human trafficking
There are many forms of trafficking, but one consistent aspect is the abuse of the inherent vulnerability of the victims.
Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation
This prevalent form of trafficking affects every region in the world, either as a source, transit or destination country. Women and children from developing countries, and from vulnerable parts of society in developed countries, are lured by promises of decent employment into leaving their homes and travelling to what they consider will be a better life. Victims are often provided with false travel documents and an organized network is used to transport them to the destination country, where they find themselves forced into sexual slavery and held in inhumane conditions and constant fear.
Trafficking for forced labour
Victims of this equally widespread form of trafficking come primarily from developing countries. They are recruited and trafficked using deception and coercion and find themselves held in conditions of slavery in a variety of jobs. Men, women and children are engaged in agricultural and construction work, domestic servitude and other labour-intensive jobs. Read about our operations targeting forced child labour in Africa.
Commercial sexual exploitation of children in tourism
This crime type has been apparent in Asia for many years and has now taken hold in Africa as well as Central and South America. The phenomenon is promoted by the growth of inexpensive air travel and the relatively low risk of prohibition and prosecution in these destinations for engaging in sexual relations with minors.
Trafficking in organs
Trafficking in humans for the purpose of using their organs, in particular kidneys is a rapidly growing field of criminal activity. In many countries, waiting lists for transplants are very long, and criminals have seized this opportunity to exploit the desperation of patients and potential donors. The health of victims, even their lives, is at risk as operations may be carried out in clandestine conditions with no medical follow-up. An ageing population and increased incidence of diabetes in many developed countries is likely to increase the requirement for organ transplants and make this crime even more lucrative.

The Causes of Trafficking
Traffickers prey on people with promises of higher incomes to improve economic situations, support parents and families in villages, and escape from war and conflict.
Women and children are the key target group because of their marginalization in many societies and their limited economic resources. Other key target groups include: people from impoverished and low income households ethnic minorities, indigenous people, hill tribes, refugees, and illegal migrants people with low levels of education young girls running away from home
We also provide counseling, therapy, advocacy, and case management services to Commercially Sexually Exploited Children (CSEC). Commercial sexual exploitation includes the prostitution, child pornography, and other forms of transactional sex where a child engages in sexual activities to have key needs fulfilled, such as food, shelter or access to education.

Effects
Trafficking is a violation of fundamental human rights, facilitating devastating emotional, psychological, and physical abuse of victims.
Victims forced to conduct labor often work dangerous jobs, or for strenuous periods of time, which can lead to serious physical injury.
Domestic servitude leaves women and girls at risk of sexual harassment and abuse. They are kept in extremely poor conditions and harsh working environments.
Victims lack any social or legal protection.
Trafficking victims are at greater risk of contracting HIV/AIDs. This becomes especially devastating, since they can’t access health services.
Even when a victim is rescued, they may be shunned, stigmatized, or further abused by their own communities.

Signs of Human Trafficking
A person who has been trafficked may:
Show signs that their movement is controlled
Have false identity or travel documents
Not know their home or work address
Have no access to their earnings
Be unable to negotiate working conditions
Work excessively long hours over long periods
Have limited or no social interaction
Have limited contact with their families or with people outside of their immediate environment
Think that they are bonded by debt

Examples of Human Trafficking
Forced Labor A family gives up a child to an adoption agent in Nepal because they cannot afford to care for him. He is then, in turn, sold to a sweatshop owner who forces the child to learn to sew garments without pay for hours each day. The child receives minimal nutrition and does not attend school.
Sex Trafficking
Two women from Korea are brought into San Francisco under the pretense that they will receive jobs as hostesses or waitresses. When they arrive, they are held captive and forced into prostitution, while their captor controls the money they receive.
Debt Bondage
A young woman from Russia has amassed grave credit card debt and is desperate to pay it off. A man who identifies himself as an employment agent offers her a job in the United States as a domestic employee. She arrives in the San Francisco with a valid visa but it and her passport and taken from her. She is brought to a home where her movement is restricted. She is then told that she must work as a housekeeper to pay off the cost of her travel or her family will be killed.
Child Sex Trafficking A 15-year-old boy runs away from his home in San Francisco to Oakland, where he lives on the street. He is seduced by a pimp who coerces him into participating in a prostitution ring and controls all the profits generated.