In the second paragraph the story gives a flashback to outline Peyton’s lifestyle and why he is getting hanged. The flashback shows how Peyton was a slave owner and was a supporter of the confederate army. When Peyton has a confrontation with a union spy posing as a confederate soldier it created suspense because Peyton didn't know what the reader knew. The flashback explains how Peyton got into this mess that were learned of earlier in the story.
Symbolism throughout the story is used to show life and death. One example is the place Peyton is being hanged (the bridge). The bridge symbolizes the path one must take to cross over between life and death. On one side of the bridge represents Peyton's life and the other side of the bridge where the soldiers are represented as death and war. Since Peyton took it upon himself to take action in the war he choose to crossover to the said of war otherwise referred to as death where he will be hanged. The river under Peyton also symbolizes the passage between life and death. In other religions when someone dies, they cross over a river to get to the other side. An example would be the River Styx in Greek mythology. The River Styx is know as the border between life and death that sends soul’s to the other side.
Bierce creates one big illusion to the reader as Peyton is dying in a slow daydream. The readers perceptions of Peyton’s thoughts and actions now becomes a blurred line between illusion and reality. Peyton is imagining his escape from death