Analysis Of Mustafa Kamil Necropolis
The paper presents the geotechnical, geophysical investigations and the numerical static and seismic analysis of selected underground monuments in Alexandria, Egypt i.e. the underground tombs in Mustafa Kamil Necropolis. The analysis of the static stability and the behavior of complex monuments of this kind under seismic loading, are the key factors for the efficient restoration and retrofitting of these underground monumental structures.
In the present paper, we present in a first phase a comprehensible geotechnical survey undertaken in this site, comprising geophysical ambient noise measurements (microtremors), as well as field and short – long-term laboratory experiments and tests, in order to define the physical, mechanical and dynamic …show more content…
The area called Mustafa Kamil pasha (the military houses and the camp of the British military in Alexandria). This Necropolis lies at about 150-200 meters from the seashore, and it is higher in topography than El-Shatbi and new bibliotheca Alexandrina area, see (Figure 1).
The structure: Its rock –cut rooms and galleries characterize the first tomb. A broad stairway leads to a square court with a central altar. The court is surrounded by Doric semi –columns, all cut into the walls, and leads to ten rooms on the four sides. The plan of the second tomb consists of a stairway leading to a central courtyard. To the south stand two Doric columns at the entrance of the room, that has luculi on both sides. Another room, with two benches and luculi on both sides, is accessible. It was probably used for prayer. At the end is a small room, in front of which a limestone-offering table coated with colored plaster in imitation of alabaster was found. See (Figures 3 and …show more content…
Generally associated with poor rock, but instability may also occur in isolated parts of otherwise sound rock. The rock salt content and salt type at these sites indicate how intensity salt weathering acting on such weak sedimentary rock, the main salt weathering mechanisms are: salt crystallization, salt hydration, thermal expansion ,in addition to chemical effect of salts. The rate of weathering is 1.52 mm/year for areas close to seashore (Necropolis of Mustafa Kamil and El-Shatbi Necropolis), and 1.36 mm/year for those far away from seashore (Catacombs of Kom EL-Shoqafa and Amod EL-Sawari or Pompey’s Pillar archaeological area) (Hemeda et al.
In the present paper, we present in a first phase a comprehensible geotechnical survey undertaken in this site, comprising geophysical ambient noise measurements (microtremors), as well as field and short – long-term laboratory experiments and tests, in order to define the physical, mechanical and dynamic …show more content…
The area called Mustafa Kamil pasha (the military houses and the camp of the British military in Alexandria). This Necropolis lies at about 150-200 meters from the seashore, and it is higher in topography than El-Shatbi and new bibliotheca Alexandrina area, see (Figure 1).
The structure: Its rock –cut rooms and galleries characterize the first tomb. A broad stairway leads to a square court with a central altar. The court is surrounded by Doric semi –columns, all cut into the walls, and leads to ten rooms on the four sides. The plan of the second tomb consists of a stairway leading to a central courtyard. To the south stand two Doric columns at the entrance of the room, that has luculi on both sides. Another room, with two benches and luculi on both sides, is accessible. It was probably used for prayer. At the end is a small room, in front of which a limestone-offering table coated with colored plaster in imitation of alabaster was found. See (Figures 3 and …show more content…
Generally associated with poor rock, but instability may also occur in isolated parts of otherwise sound rock. The rock salt content and salt type at these sites indicate how intensity salt weathering acting on such weak sedimentary rock, the main salt weathering mechanisms are: salt crystallization, salt hydration, thermal expansion ,in addition to chemical effect of salts. The rate of weathering is 1.52 mm/year for areas close to seashore (Necropolis of Mustafa Kamil and El-Shatbi Necropolis), and 1.36 mm/year for those far away from seashore (Catacombs of Kom EL-Shoqafa and Amod EL-Sawari or Pompey’s Pillar archaeological area) (Hemeda et al.