Anatomy And Physiology Answers

Anatomy & Physiology
Name____________________________

Ch 10.1 SG (Endocrine Glands)

1. What does the endocrine system consist of?

2. What are hormones?

3. What do hormones influence?

4. How are hormones delivered from endocrine glands to their target organs?

5. Two categories of hormones are ________________ and __________________.
6. Why must insulin be injected, yet birth control hormones can be taken orally?

7. How does the control of hormone levels work by negative feedback? Give an example.

8. How are the actions of a hormone controlled by the presence of an antagonistic hormone? Give an example.

Label the endocrine glands below:

Hypothalamus
a) Location
–
b) Function –

c) Connection to endocrine system –

Posterior Pituitary
a) Location –
b) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) –

c) Diabetes insipidus –

d) Oxytocin –

Anterior Pituitary
a) Locaton –
b) Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) –

c) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) –

d) Gonadotropic hormones –

e) Prolactin (PRL) –

f) Growth hormone (GH) –

g) Pituitary dwarfism –

h) Giantism –

i) Acromegaly -

Thyroid Gland
a) Location –
b) Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine –

c) Role of iodine –

d) Use of iodized salt –
e) Role of Thyroid hormones –

f) Cretinism –

g) Myxedema (hypothyroidism) –

h) Graves disease (hyperthyroidism) –

i) Exophthalmic goiter (physical effects) –

j) Calcitonin –

Parathyroid Glands
a) Location –
b) Parathyroid hormones (PTH) –

c) antagonistic actions of thyroid and parathyroid –

Adrenal Glands
a) location –
b) Adrenal Medulla –

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) –

c) Adrenal Cortex –

Mineralocorticoids –

Glucocorticoids –

Male & Female sex hormones –

d) Cortisol –

e) Aldosterone –

f) What is a syndrome?

g) Addison disease –

h) Cushing syndrome –

Pancreas
a) Location –
b) Exocrine tissue –

c) Islets of Langerhans –

d) Insulin –

e) Glucagon –

f) Diabetes mellitus –

g) Hyperglycemia

h) Type I Diabetes

i) Ketonuria –

j) Acidosis –

k) Hypoglycemia –

l) Type II Diabetes –

m) How is Type II Diabetes treated?

n) What are the long term effects of diabetes?

Testes and Ovaries
a) Gonads –

b) Androgens –

c) Estrogen and progesterone –

d) List all the things that testosterone influences –

e) How does testosterone affect baldness?

f) List all the things that estrogen and progesterone influences –

Thymus gland
a) Where?

b) What is the job of the thymus?

Pineal gland
a) Where?

b) Hormone produced?

c) Role of melatonin?

d) Circadian rythms –

Leptin
a) Where is it produced?

b) What is its role?

Prostaglandins
a) Where are they made?

b) How do they work?

c) What are some of their functions?