Anatomy of the Eye

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1- Conjunctiva- the conjunctiva’s structure is a fine transparent mucous membrane and its main function is to cover and protect the surface of the eye. It also lubricates the eye as it moves in the socket.
2- Cornea- the corneas structure is a transparent front window through which light enters the eyeball. It is made up of 3 main structures which are the epithelium, stroma and endothelium. Its function is that it performs much of the initial focusing of the image by bending or refracting the light onto the lens.
3- Sclera- its structure is the white of the eye and it is the tough outer layer and it protects the eyeball
4- Choroid- the choroids structure is underneath the sclera and it is a sheet of blood vessels. Its main function is it carries oxygen to the eye and removes carbon dioxide and wastes. The choroid also prevents light in the eye from scattering
5- Retina- the retina is a complex structure of photoreceptors (rods and cones) on the back of the eye. The retina’s function is that photoceptors allow us to see shape, movement and colour and the retinal nerve cells convert incoming light into nerve impulses.
6- Iris- the iris is a coloured part of the eye and it is a ring of muscle with a hole in the middle.
7- Lens- the lens is situated behind the iris and its function is to focus light onto the light sensitive cells. The lens is focused with a circular, muscular ring called the ciliary body.
8- Aqueous humour and vitreous humour are 2 pressurised chambers filled with clear jelly and their function is that they simply give the eye its spherical shape.
9- Cilairy body- the function of the ciliary body is the production of aqueous humour and it also controls accommodation by changing the shape of the crystalline lens.
10- Optic nerve- this nerve contains a million nerve fibres and its function it conducts the nerve impulses to the vision centres in the brain.