6. Chromosomes are made when DNA wraps around _H_ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to make bead-like…
In her article entitled “Close Encounters of the Prehistoric Kind”, Science Magazine correspondent Ann Gibbons explains that due to interbreeding between Neanderthals and early modern humans, modern humans still contain traces of prehistoric Neanderthal DNA. According to researchers, Asians and Europeans most likely possess a higher frequency of Neanderthal genomes than Africans because the two species “occupied the [same regions] intermittently” in Europe, the Midwest, the Near East, and Russia and may have coexisted with one another for up to 10,000 years before the Neanderthal lineage died out. The article explains that Neanderthal genomes are present in “many people living outside of Africa” as there was not enough interbreeding occurring…
In Lab 8, we had analyzed remains found at a wooded area near Jonesburg and tried to determine if the bones belonged to a 28-year-old woman who had been reported missing from a city within the vicinity. Upon analysis, it was determined that they did belong to a female. However, it was not possible to determine if the bones did belong to the missing women. Lab 12 presented the opportunity to genetically analyze the remains found. DNA profiling, also referred to as typing and fingerprinting, uses genetic material to show relatedness and uncover the identity of organisms. Most commonly associated with forensics, it can be used in an array of scientific fields such as anthropology. One method that can be used, when a large sample present, is restriction…
References: American Museum of Natural History. (n.d). Seminars on science; genetics, genomics, genethics. molecular biology. Retrieved on September 24th, 2012 from http://amnh.ecollege.com/ec/crs/default.learn?CourseID=4572911&CPURL=amnh.ecollege.com&Survey=1&47=13217312&ClientNodeID=910503&coursenav=0&bhcp=1…
Until recently, most scientists thought that there were only two species of humans (i.e., modern humans and Neanderthals) living in Eurasia in the Upper Palaeolithic (50 – 10 thousand years ago). However, over the past decade several finds have indicated that there were several more. Svante Paabo and his colleagues at the Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Evolutionary Anthropology have revealed further proof of this fact with genetics. They sequenced the genome from the bones of an individual that had been found in Denisova Cave in southern Siberia. The results indicated that the individual was not a modern human or a Neanderthal. The new species has been named Denisovans. Together with Neanderthals, Denisovans are the closest extinct relatives of modern humans. It is likely that all three species knew of each others existence and may have even lived together in what is today Siberia. Future genomic comparative studies should help scientists uncover important genetic differences that contributed to the development of modern human culture and technology.…
I have looked over Bradley’s report and yes we do have some issues with the Sales, and Account Receivables. The fourth quarter deviations overstated are the worst because they can have the most effect on the Financial Statements. The controls need to be more uniform as Bradley stated because then they would even out through the months instead of hitting us mostly on the fourth quarter.…
a. According to National Geographic News. Com, Dr. Spencer Wells (pic)and a team of scientists are using technologies to uncover the truth of our genetic roots. They are analyzing patterns in DNA from participants worldwide that can tell us where we came from. He created the project to further validate his previous research about where humans came from. There is great…
There are two theories about the origin of modern humans; the out of Africa view argues that genes in the fully modern human all came out of Africa and there was no interbreeding involved and the alternative model; a multi-regional view that argues how all human population flowed between different regions and mixed together which contributed to the development of the modern human. What makes these theories the most highly debateable in paleoanthropology is that 30,000 years ago, the taxonomic diversity previously seen amongst homo sapiens, homo erectus and homo Neanderthals had vanished and humans everywhere had evolved into the anatomically and behaviourally modern form; there is much deliberation as to how this occurred which rose this differing schools of thought; one that emphasises multiregional continuity and the other that suggests a single origin for modern humans. In order to understand this controversy, the archaeological, anatomical and genetic evidence needs to be evaluated.…
What is DNA? What do the letters stand for? What is it composed of? Where is it found? What is it shaped like? Answer in full sentences.…
Lattes has impacted forensic science tremendously. By discovering that blood could be organized into different groups and could be used to identify a person has made it easier to find suspects today. Sir Alec Jeffreys is a geneticist from the University of Leicester in Great Brittain, not quit in the forensic science field, but he has impacted forensic science forever. One day he realized that he could use DNA to identify people while studying x-ray images of a DNA experiment he was running in his lab. At the time he was focusing on methods to resolve paternity and immigration disputes. While analyzing the DNA he discovered the repetitive patterns of DNA that are now known as Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) ended up discovering that they were present in all humans but they all vary in length for each individual. He realized that this variation could be used to find out the identity of a person. He called this “genetic fingerprinting”. Mathieu Orfila, also known as the “father of toxicology”, published a treatise on the detection of…
The discovery of germs has been a long process in history and still ongoing today. John Waller, author of The Discovery of the Germ: Twenty Years That Transformed the Way We Think about Disease, has stated as his thesis in this book, “…between 1880 and 1900…medicine underwent perhaps its greatest ever transformation. In just 20 years, the central role of germs in producing illness was for the first time decisively demonstrated and Western doctors abandoned misconceived ideas about the causes and nature of disease that had persisted, in one form or another, for thousands of years (Waller 1).” The germ theory replaced the medical society’s beliefs that relied on the humoral theory for thousands of years. The question that has risen is whether or not there is a problem with monocausal explanations of disease.…
When humans first roamed out of Africa some 60,000 years ago, they left a lot of genetic footprints still…
In this essay I will discuss the adaptations on human evolution, this includes skin color, disease, Lactase Persistence, and the negative effects of the Neolithic Revolution. I will focus mostly on the diseased portion the most because this plays a vital role in natural selection. Natural selection is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring (dictionary.com). Without disease natural selection would play less of a part in how species evolve. Skin color is important in surviving when most feel like it is because we are different, when in reality we are 99.9 percent identical (Human family tree). I will compare the negative and positive effects of the Neolithic revolution all while explaining the lactase persistence and how it differs from lactose intolerance.…
Many people believe that DNA was discovered in 1950 by Watson and Crick, but they are misguided, in fact it was discovered almost centuries before by a number of less known scientists. Genes were discovered to be heritable from parents by a humble pea grower by the name of Gregor Mendel in 1866. Since then we have discovered that DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the carrier of genes, traits that pass down from generation to generation.The reality is that the credit didn’t go to everyone who deserved it. This was because, Watson and Crick only figured out the structure, and their predecessors put together small pieces of the puzzle not the whole thing.…
The first scientific investigation of inheritance came from an unlikely place—a monastery garden in what later became Czechoslovakia. There in the 19th century, a monk named Gregor Mendel bred generations of pea plants, observed the way they inherited characteristics, and founded modern genetics. While cell science and evolution theory were advancing, what was happening in inheritance studies? Nothing! Mendel's work was quickly forgotten and not rediscovered until the year 1900. Around the turn of the century, several European scientists unknowingly duplicated Mendel's work. When they realized that he had found the same things 35 years earlier, in the best scientific tradition they quickly named Mendel the founder of modern genetics. By the early 1900s, scientists were using Mendel's laws of segregation and dominance to develop many plants and animals and in order to understand human disease. The next area of investigation concerned what Mendel had called units, or genes. These genes make up what are now called chromosomes. The first major discovery grew out of work on various species of insects. A cell's chromosomes normally come in identical pairs, except for the chromosomes scientists called X and Y. Females always have two X chromosomes. Males of some species have one X and one Y, but in other species males have only a single X chromosome. Scientists quickly realized that the X and Y (or lack of it) determine the individual's sex. But did these chromosomes have other functions as well? The answer came from the first giant of 20th-century genetics, the American Thomas Hunt Morgan. In decades of research with the simple fly Drosophila melanogaster, Morgan and his colleagues and students discovered what the X and Y chromosomes do and Morgan developed the theory of the gene.…