Ancient Greek Athletes Research Paper
History of Athletics
The history of athletics its roots in human prehistory. The first recorded organized athletics events at a sports festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, only one event was contested: the stadion footrace and the first olympic winner was Koroibos. In later years further running competitions have been added. Also in the Ancient Olympic pentathlon, four of the events are part of the track and field we have even today. The long jump, the javelin throw, the discus throw and the stadion foot race.
Athletics events were also present at the Panhellenic Games in Greece around this period, and they become known to Rome in 200 BC. In the Middle Ages new track and field events began …show more content…
developing in parts of Northern Europe. The stone put and weight throw competitions popular among Celtic societies were precursors to the modern shot put and hammer throw events. Also the pole vault, was polular in the Northern European Lowlands in the 18th century.
Modern competitions in athletics, took place for the first time in the 19th century. Usually they were organised by educational institutions, military organisations and sports clubs as competitions between rival establishments. In these competitions the hurdling were introduced for the first time.
Also, in the 19th century the first national associations have been established and organized the first national competitions. In 1880 the Amateur Athletic Association of England start organizing the annual AAA Championships while in United States in 1876 took place for the first time the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships first by the New York Athletic Club.
The establishment of the modern Olympic Games in Athens at 1896 marked a new era for track and field. The Olympic athletics programme, comprising track and field events plus a marathon race, contained many of the foremost sporting competitions of the 1896 Summer Olympics. The Olympics also consolidated the use of metric measurements in international track and field events, both for race distances and for measuring jumps and throws. The events of track and field have been expanded in the following years.
In 1912 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) was established, becoming the international governing body for athletics, having the amateurism as one of its founding principles for the sport. The first continental track and field competition was the 1919 South American Championships followed by the European Athletics Championships in 1934. In the 1928 Summer Olympics women competed for the first time.Furthermore, major athletics competitions for disabled athletes were first introduced at the 1960 Summer Paralympics.
From the 1960s, the athletics gained more exposure through television coverage. After over half a century of amateurism, the amateur status of the sport began to be displaced by growing professionalism in the late 1970s. In 1982 The IAAF abandoned amateurism, and later changed its name as the International Association of Athletics Federations. The following year IAAF established the World Championships in Athletics – the first ever global competition for athletics which became one of track and field's most prestigious competitions along with the Olympics.
The IAAF World Championships in Athletics became a fully professional competition with the introduction of prize money in 1997. Also in 1998 the IAAF Golden League increased the professionalism of athletics. In 2010, the series was replaced by the more lucrative IAAF Diamond League which comprises meetings in Europe, Asia, North America and the Middle East which are the first ever worldwide annual series of track and field meetings.
STADION RACE
Stadion or stade was an ancient running event, part of the Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games. It was one of the five major Pentathlon events. It was the premier event of the gymnikos agon(nude competition).[1] From the years 776 to 724 BC, the stadion was the only event that took place at the Olympic Games and the victor gave his name to the entire four-year Olympiad.
Hurdling
Hurdling is the act of running and jumping over an obstacle at speed. In the sport of athletics, hurdling forms the basis of a number track and field events which are a highly specialized form of obstacle racing. In these events, a series of barriers known as hurdles are set at precisely measured heights and distances which each athlete must pass by running over. Failure to pass over, by passing under, or intentionally knocking over hurdles will result in disqualification. Accidental knocking over of hurdles is not cause for disqualification,[4] but the hurdles are weighted to make doing so disadvantageous.
Road running
Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road (as opposed to track and field and cross country running).
Cross country running
Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain. Sometimes the runners are referred to as harriers. The course, typically 4–12 kilometres (2.5–7.5 mi) long, may include surfaces of grass, and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road. It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and teams by a points-scoring method. Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter, and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.
LONG JUMP
The long jump (historically called the broad jump) is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a take off point. This event has a history in the Ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern Olympic event for men since the first Olympics in 1896 and for women since 1948.
Pole vault
Pole vaulting is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible pole (which today is usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to jump over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, Cretans and Celts. It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and 2000 for women.
Triple jump
The triple jump, sometimes referred to as the hop, step and jump or the hop, skip and jump, is a track and field event, similar to the long jump. The competitor runs down the track and performs a hop, a bound and then a jump into the sand pit. The triple jump was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern Olympics event since the Games' inception in 1896.
High jump
The high jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it. In its modern most practised format, a bar is placed between two standards with a crash mat for landing. At the elite level, athletes run towards the bar and use the Fosbury Flopmethod of jumping, leaping head first with their back to the bar. Performed since ancient times, competitors have introduced increasingly more effective techniques to arrive at the current form.
JAVELIN THROW
The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear is thrown. The javelin thrower gains momentum by running within a predetermined area.
DISCUS THROW 4th
The discus throw (is a track and field event in which an athlete throws a heavy disc—called a discus—in an attempt to mark a farther distance than his or her competitors.
It is an ancientsport, as demonstrated by the fifth-century-B.C. Myron statue, Discobolus. Although not part of the modern pentathlon, it was one of the events of the ancient Greek pentathlon, which can be dated back to at least to 708 BC.
SHOT PUT
The shot put (pronounced /ˈʃɒt pʊt/) is a track and field event involving "throwing"/"putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy spherical object —the shot—as far as possible. The shot put competition for men has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival in 1896, and women's competition began in 1948.
STONE PUT
The stone put is one of the main Scottish heavy athletic events at modern-day Highland gamesgatherings. Similar to the shot put, the stone put more frequently uses an ordinary stone or rock instead of a steel ball. The weight of the stone will vary from 16 to 26 lb for men (or 8 to 18 lb for women) depending on which type of stone put event (Braemar stone or Open stone) is being contested and also on the idiosyncrasies of the event (mainly because stones in use have no standard weight). There are also some differences in allowable techniques and
rules.
Hammer throw
The hammer throw is one of the four throwing events in regular track and field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.
Racewalking
Racewalking, or race walking, is a long-distance discipline within the sport of athletics. Although it is a foot race, it is different from running in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. This is assessed by race judges, making it the most subjective of the disciplines in athletics. Typically held on either roads or on running tracks, common distances vary from 3000 metres (1.8 mi) up to 100 kilometres (62.1 mi).
The history of athletics its roots in human prehistory. The first recorded organized athletics events at a sports festival are the Ancient Olympic Games. At the first Games in 776 BC in Olympia, Greece, only one event was contested: the stadion footrace and the first olympic winner was Koroibos. In later years further running competitions have been added. Also in the Ancient Olympic pentathlon, four of the events are part of the track and field we have even today. The long jump, the javelin throw, the discus throw and the stadion foot race.
Athletics events were also present at the Panhellenic Games in Greece around this period, and they become known to Rome in 200 BC. In the Middle Ages new track and field events began …show more content…
developing in parts of Northern Europe. The stone put and weight throw competitions popular among Celtic societies were precursors to the modern shot put and hammer throw events. Also the pole vault, was polular in the Northern European Lowlands in the 18th century.
Modern competitions in athletics, took place for the first time in the 19th century. Usually they were organised by educational institutions, military organisations and sports clubs as competitions between rival establishments. In these competitions the hurdling were introduced for the first time.
Also, in the 19th century the first national associations have been established and organized the first national competitions. In 1880 the Amateur Athletic Association of England start organizing the annual AAA Championships while in United States in 1876 took place for the first time the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships first by the New York Athletic Club.
The establishment of the modern Olympic Games in Athens at 1896 marked a new era for track and field. The Olympic athletics programme, comprising track and field events plus a marathon race, contained many of the foremost sporting competitions of the 1896 Summer Olympics. The Olympics also consolidated the use of metric measurements in international track and field events, both for race distances and for measuring jumps and throws. The events of track and field have been expanded in the following years.
In 1912 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) was established, becoming the international governing body for athletics, having the amateurism as one of its founding principles for the sport. The first continental track and field competition was the 1919 South American Championships followed by the European Athletics Championships in 1934. In the 1928 Summer Olympics women competed for the first time.Furthermore, major athletics competitions for disabled athletes were first introduced at the 1960 Summer Paralympics.
From the 1960s, the athletics gained more exposure through television coverage. After over half a century of amateurism, the amateur status of the sport began to be displaced by growing professionalism in the late 1970s. In 1982 The IAAF abandoned amateurism, and later changed its name as the International Association of Athletics Federations. The following year IAAF established the World Championships in Athletics – the first ever global competition for athletics which became one of track and field's most prestigious competitions along with the Olympics.
The IAAF World Championships in Athletics became a fully professional competition with the introduction of prize money in 1997. Also in 1998 the IAAF Golden League increased the professionalism of athletics. In 2010, the series was replaced by the more lucrative IAAF Diamond League which comprises meetings in Europe, Asia, North America and the Middle East which are the first ever worldwide annual series of track and field meetings.
STADION RACE
Stadion or stade was an ancient running event, part of the Olympic Games and the other Panhellenic Games. It was one of the five major Pentathlon events. It was the premier event of the gymnikos agon(nude competition).[1] From the years 776 to 724 BC, the stadion was the only event that took place at the Olympic Games and the victor gave his name to the entire four-year Olympiad.
Hurdling
Hurdling is the act of running and jumping over an obstacle at speed. In the sport of athletics, hurdling forms the basis of a number track and field events which are a highly specialized form of obstacle racing. In these events, a series of barriers known as hurdles are set at precisely measured heights and distances which each athlete must pass by running over. Failure to pass over, by passing under, or intentionally knocking over hurdles will result in disqualification. Accidental knocking over of hurdles is not cause for disqualification,[4] but the hurdles are weighted to make doing so disadvantageous.
Road running
Road running is the sport of running on a measured course over an established road (as opposed to track and field and cross country running).
Cross country running
Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain. Sometimes the runners are referred to as harriers. The course, typically 4–12 kilometres (2.5–7.5 mi) long, may include surfaces of grass, and earth, pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills, flat ground and sometimes gravel road. It is both an individual and a team sport; runners are judged on individual times and teams by a points-scoring method. Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter, and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures.
LONG JUMP
The long jump (historically called the broad jump) is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a take off point. This event has a history in the Ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern Olympic event for men since the first Olympics in 1896 and for women since 1948.
Pole vault
Pole vaulting is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible pole (which today is usually made either of fiberglass or carbon fiber) as an aid to jump over a bar. Pole jumping competitions were known to the ancient Greeks, Cretans and Celts. It has been a full medal event at the Olympic Games since 1896 for men and 2000 for women.
Triple jump
The triple jump, sometimes referred to as the hop, step and jump or the hop, skip and jump, is a track and field event, similar to the long jump. The competitor runs down the track and performs a hop, a bound and then a jump into the sand pit. The triple jump was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern Olympics event since the Games' inception in 1896.
High jump
The high jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it. In its modern most practised format, a bar is placed between two standards with a crash mat for landing. At the elite level, athletes run towards the bar and use the Fosbury Flopmethod of jumping, leaping head first with their back to the bar. Performed since ancient times, competitors have introduced increasingly more effective techniques to arrive at the current form.
JAVELIN THROW
The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear is thrown. The javelin thrower gains momentum by running within a predetermined area.
DISCUS THROW 4th
The discus throw (is a track and field event in which an athlete throws a heavy disc—called a discus—in an attempt to mark a farther distance than his or her competitors.
It is an ancientsport, as demonstrated by the fifth-century-B.C. Myron statue, Discobolus. Although not part of the modern pentathlon, it was one of the events of the ancient Greek pentathlon, which can be dated back to at least to 708 BC.
SHOT PUT
The shot put (pronounced /ˈʃɒt pʊt/) is a track and field event involving "throwing"/"putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy spherical object —the shot—as far as possible. The shot put competition for men has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival in 1896, and women's competition began in 1948.
STONE PUT
The stone put is one of the main Scottish heavy athletic events at modern-day Highland gamesgatherings. Similar to the shot put, the stone put more frequently uses an ordinary stone or rock instead of a steel ball. The weight of the stone will vary from 16 to 26 lb for men (or 8 to 18 lb for women) depending on which type of stone put event (Braemar stone or Open stone) is being contested and also on the idiosyncrasies of the event (mainly because stones in use have no standard weight). There are also some differences in allowable techniques and
rules.
Hammer throw
The hammer throw is one of the four throwing events in regular track and field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin.
Racewalking
Racewalking, or race walking, is a long-distance discipline within the sport of athletics. Although it is a foot race, it is different from running in that one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times. This is assessed by race judges, making it the most subjective of the disciplines in athletics. Typically held on either roads or on running tracks, common distances vary from 3000 metres (1.8 mi) up to 100 kilometres (62.1 mi).