SUBMITTED by : ADEEL ZAFAR SUBMITTED to : SIR RIZWAN
ROLL no : 11014156-047
SECTION : BS IT (AF)
SUBJECT : PAKISTAN STUDIES
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Constitutional Development
3. Concept of a Federation
3.1 Distribution of Powers
3.2 Concurrency
3.3 Residuary Subjects
4. 1973 Constitution and Concurrent Legislative List
5. Recent Political Developments in Pakistan
6. Conclusions and likely future scenarios
7. Recommendations
1. Introduction
Autonomy for self governance and political representation surfaced as core demands of the people of the Indian subcontinent led by a cadre of western educated nationalist leaders like Gandhi, Nehru and Jinnah in the 1930’s. In response to those demands, the Government of India Act 1935 was promulgated which granted limited autonomy to the provinces and special regions of united India under the British empire. The Act provided for the Governor to be the executive head of the province on behalf of His Majesty through Article 49 (1). Article 59 mandated the Governor to conduct the affairs of the province in his discretion but, after due consultation with his ministers. The Act through Article 100 (1-3) and the seventh schedule also elaborated three detailed legislative lists; Federal, Provincial and Concurrent.
The proponents of provincial autonomy at that time and the Sindhi Nationalists to-date argue that some provinces of united India felt constrained even after the promulgation of Government of India Act 1935 and expected to gain more autonomy by joining Pakistan. Hence, provincial autonomy was the actual driving force in the partition of India.1
Pakistan came into being on the 14th of August 1947 as the largest Islamic country of the world, after the landslide victory of All India Muslim League in the 1946 elections. The creation of Pakistan was based on the religious ideology of Islam and the concept of two-nation theory
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