Animals Should Not Be Used for Medical Research in Malaysia
UUB 3023 | CRITICAL THINKING | WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT: ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY NAME | : | SIFAJEE | TITLE | : | ANIMALS SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA | Abstract
There is no doubt that throughout the centuries, animals have played a central role in medical research in Malaysia. Many of the treatments available for serious illnesses we have today have come from animal experimentation. There has been recorded that the use of animals in research has been going on as far back as the Greek writings. According to the history, Aristotle who lived in 384-322 BC was the first to use living animals in experiments; whereas Galen, a physician in second-century Rome, was known as the “father of vivisection” from his experiments on living pigs. However, these experiments were not conducted in the name of clinical research; they were done to gain knowledge about the animals themselves. In that period of time, man was not set next to animals in comparison of physiology or any other way because man was seen as a creature above the animal. From century to century, new ideas were developed when Darwin came with his theory of evolution. His theory made a path that linked human with animals; and encouraged researches to be done on different animals to learn how human physiology worked. Even though many believed animal experimentation is important for clinical study, some claimed that it is against the humanity. Many debates have been carried out to argue whether the animal testing is crucial or cruel. The writer believes though many have heard of this matter, yet people need to know about the adverse effects it plays in the toxicology field.
TABLE OF CONTENTS | | Page | | Abstract | 2 | | Table of Contents | 3 | | Introduction | 4 | | Argument 1 | 5 | | Argument 2 | 7 | | Counter Argument & Refutation | 9 | | Conclusion & Recommendations | 13 | | References | 15 |
Introduction
Toxicology is the scientific study of
There is no doubt that throughout the centuries, animals have played a central role in medical research in Malaysia. Many of the treatments available for serious illnesses we have today have come from animal experimentation. There has been recorded that the use of animals in research has been going on as far back as the Greek writings. According to the history, Aristotle who lived in 384-322 BC was the first to use living animals in experiments; whereas Galen, a physician in second-century Rome, was known as the “father of vivisection” from his experiments on living pigs. However, these experiments were not conducted in the name of clinical research; they were done to gain knowledge about the animals themselves. In that period of time, man was not set next to animals in comparison of physiology or any other way because man was seen as a creature above the animal. From century to century, new ideas were developed when Darwin came with his theory of evolution. His theory made a path that linked human with animals; and encouraged researches to be done on different animals to learn how human physiology worked. Even though many believed animal experimentation is important for clinical study, some claimed that it is against the humanity. Many debates have been carried out to argue whether the animal testing is crucial or cruel. The writer believes though many have heard of this matter, yet people need to know about the adverse effects it plays in the toxicology field.
TABLE OF CONTENTS | | Page | | Abstract | 2 | | Table of Contents | 3 | | Introduction | 4 | | Argument 1 | 5 | | Argument 2 | 7 | | Counter Argument & Refutation | 9 | | Conclusion & Recommendations | 13 | | References | 15 |
Introduction
Toxicology is the scientific study of
References: * Dappleshade, Debate.org (2012). Animal Testing should be Banned. Retrieved from http://www.debate.org/debates/Animal-testing-should-be-banned/1/ * Kristina Cook (April 4,2006) * Laura Blue (June 17, 2008). How Much Does Animal Testing Tell Us?.Retrieved from http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1815241,00.html * Lee Bowman, Scripps Howard News Service (2011). Animal Testing: Crucial or Cruel?. Retrieved from http://www.abc15.com/dpp/news/national/animal-testing%3A-crucial-or-cruel * LithiumQueen, Mibba Creative Writing (2010). The Cruelty of Animal Testing. Retrieved from http://www.mibba.com/Articles/Science/3703/The-Cruelty-of-Animal-Testing/ * The Society of Toxicology (2006). Animals in Research: The Importance of Animals in the Science of Toxicology. Retrieved from http://www.toxicology.org/ai/air/AIR_Final.pdf * Wanda Embar (2008)