Antibiotic Resistance - Essay 2
A seminar on
Antimicrobial Resistance and stewardship strategies to optimize the activity of currently available agents
Presented By: Guide:
Itee Sharma Dr. D.S. Arora
M.Sc.(Hons.)F.M.T
Index
Contents Page No.
➢ Introduction 3
➢ Definitions 4
➢ History 5
➢ Major antibiotics in common use 6
➢ Graphical Representation Evolution
of resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics 7
➢ Causes of antimicrobial drug resistance 8
➢ Basic mechanism of antibiotic resistance 13
➢ Drug-resistant microbes of concern today 14
➢ Potential selection risks associated with the prescription of major antimicrobial classes 18
➢ The Impact Of Antimicrobial Resistance 19
➢ Approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance:
Antibiotic Stewardship 20
➢ Institution practice 21
➢ Conclusions 23
➢ References 24
Introduction
Since their discovery during the 20th century, antimicrobial agents (antibiotics and related medicinal drugs “Wonder Drugs”) have substantially reduced the threat posed by infectious diseases, along with the combined improvements in sanitation, housing, and nutrition, and the advent of widespread immunization programs. It has led to a dramatic drop in deaths from diseases that were previously widespread, untreatable, and frequently fatal, thus contributing to the major gains in life expectancy.
These gains are now seriously by jeopardized another recent development which is the emergence and spread of microbes that are resistant to cheap and effective first-choice, or "first-line" drugs.
The bacterial infections which contribute most to human disease are also those in which emerging and microbial resistance is most evident like diarrheal diseases,
Antimicrobial Resistance and stewardship strategies to optimize the activity of currently available agents
Presented By: Guide:
Itee Sharma Dr. D.S. Arora
M.Sc.(Hons.)F.M.T
Index
Contents Page No.
➢ Introduction 3
➢ Definitions 4
➢ History 5
➢ Major antibiotics in common use 6
➢ Graphical Representation Evolution
of resistance to ß-lactam antibiotics 7
➢ Causes of antimicrobial drug resistance 8
➢ Basic mechanism of antibiotic resistance 13
➢ Drug-resistant microbes of concern today 14
➢ Potential selection risks associated with the prescription of major antimicrobial classes 18
➢ The Impact Of Antimicrobial Resistance 19
➢ Approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance:
Antibiotic Stewardship 20
➢ Institution practice 21
➢ Conclusions 23
➢ References 24
Introduction
Since their discovery during the 20th century, antimicrobial agents (antibiotics and related medicinal drugs “Wonder Drugs”) have substantially reduced the threat posed by infectious diseases, along with the combined improvements in sanitation, housing, and nutrition, and the advent of widespread immunization programs. It has led to a dramatic drop in deaths from diseases that were previously widespread, untreatable, and frequently fatal, thus contributing to the major gains in life expectancy.
These gains are now seriously by jeopardized another recent development which is the emergence and spread of microbes that are resistant to cheap and effective first-choice, or "first-line" drugs.
The bacterial infections which contribute most to human disease are also those in which emerging and microbial resistance is most evident like diarrheal diseases,
References: French, G.L. (2010) The continuing crisis in antibiotic resistance. Int. J Antimicrobial Agents (36) S3; S3-S7 Gould, IM Gould, IM. (2010) The epidemiology of antibiotic resistance. Int. J Antimicrobial Agents (36) S3; S1-S2 Isturiz, R.E Liebowitz, L.D. (2009) MRSA burden and interventions. Int. J Antimicrobial Agents (34) S3; S11-S13 Masterton, R.G Wilcox, M.H. (2009) The tide of antimicrobial resistance and selection. Int. J Antimicrobial Agents (34) S3; S6-S10 Online links-