Preview

Antibodies

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2094 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Antibodies
Human Cell, protein production, cell organelles and the cell membrane. Structure and cell transport.

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms (See figure 1). It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing (except virus, which consists only from DNA/RNA covered by protein and lipids), and is often called the building block of life. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including most bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). Humans contain about 10 trillion (1013) cells.

Figure 1 showing components of a cell.

(Source: Alvis Brazma 2001) http://www.ebi.ac.uk/microarray/biology_intro.html An antibody also known as an immune globulin (Ig) is a protein that a B Lymphocyte secretes in response to a non-self antigen. Every antibody is a Y-shaped molecule, made of four polypeptide chains (quaternary). Every mammal is able to make millions of different antibodies each with a different pair of binding sites for one type of antigen only. Antibodies are produced by white blood cells; they are used to help fend of attacks by pathogens. The antibodies are created using different organelles within the cell. All organelles have different forms and functions. (See table 1) Polypeptides are produced by linking the correct sequence of amino acids as directed by the ribosomes and mRNA. mRNA is created in the nucleus inside of the white blood cell. Once the mRNA is created it is passed on to the ribosome where peptide synthesis occurs. (See figure 2) then it is secreted via the nuclear envelope, which is a double bi-layer. These polypeptides are fed into the rough endoplasmic reticulum by the ribosome binding to the rough endoplasm and secreting the protein in the organelle.

Figure 2 showing peptide synthesis occurring in a ribosome. (Boumphreyfr 1 March 2009)

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    IgG antibodies are found in the body fluids and are the smallest but most abundant of the antibodies. It activates the complement system…

    • 453 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    IgG (Immunoglobulin G; 4 subclasses, IgG1-4), IgM (Immunoglobulin M), IgA (Immunoglobulin A; 2 subclasses, IgA1-2), IgD: (Immunoglobulin D), IgE (Immunoglobulin E)…

    • 585 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Replication and Transmission of DNA and RNA Western Governors University DNA Replication DNA and the function of Ligase mRNA in Transcription and Translation Death by Inhibition: RNA polymerase and the Death Cap Mushroom Ingestion of the Death Cap Mushroom ● ● ● ● ● ● No Presenting symptoms for 48 hours The deadly toxin is alpha-amanitin Amanitin has a great attraction to RNA polymerase It’s toxin blocks RNA polymerase…

    • 407 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody.…

    • 483 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    A@P 202

    • 251 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Which sera was an antigen in section 2 of the dish? Describe what you observed in section 2 of the dish.…

    • 251 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Physioex Activity 12

    • 424 Words
    • 2 Pages

    What is the name for the specific part of the antigen that the antibody binds to?…

    • 424 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Tissues in the Body Unit 5 – Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care Epithelial Cuboidal – cube shaped, prominent nucleus. Can be found in medulla of kidney. Does not allow for passive diffusion easily. Columnar – tall, vertical, thick cells. Can be found in the small intestine.…

    • 476 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    chapter 1 5 vocab ap bio

    • 3065 Words
    • 11 Pages

    Cell- the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism, typically microscopic and consisting of cytoplasm and a nucleus enclosed in a membrane…

    • 3065 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Biomedical Engineer

    • 577 Words
    • 3 Pages

    So the substrate would turn a detectable form. It catalyzes so the antibody will be easily detachable.…

    • 577 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Ap Biology Quiz Answers

    • 907 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The following is a sample of the type of exams that I will be giving in class. Try completing this exam in 45 minutes. This should be roughly half the size of your exam.…

    • 907 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    The Roman Empire and Han China developed cultural syncretism by using different methods of spiritual beliefs and the gods they worshiped, but developed in similar ways on how they both used methods of family hierchy and also how they structure their government to create more control which was used to build up both societies with similar rule, all of these contributed to making cultural syncretism.…

    • 303 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Cell Biology: Study Guide

    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism, and Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.…

    • 1537 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Immune System Correction

    • 420 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The T and B cells comes into play now. B cells use immunoglobulin to grab onto the Frank copies and demolish or balance them. B cells release their antibodies and stimulate the reproduction of more B cells and antibodies. If a T helper-cell identify a Frank the helper-cell release cytokine, which…

    • 420 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    According to www.drugabuse.gov, it is estimated that fifty two million people with at least twenty percent being twelve or older, have used prescription drugs for nonmedical reasons at least once in their lifetimes. Some of the more commonly known drugs include Adderall, prescription painkillers and Xanax. These are the medications I will be researching and informing about, but there are definitely a lot more than three. Many people are prescribed and use these drugs as directed by a professional, but many also don’t. Adolescents often share or sell their medications to those who are not prescribed, and have no other way of receiving them. Constant misuse can lead to many health problems, and in extreme cases even death. Besides the abuse,…

    • 645 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Immunology Lab Report

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The objective of this experiment is to quantitatively observe the foundational reaction in our Immune system; the Antigen-Antibody interactions. The Ouchterlony procedure is what will be used in this lab to detect nature of the antibody interaction. The orientations of the band will provide more information about the interaction of antibody and antigen.…

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays