Antimicrobial Property of Mango Twigs Extract
Antimicrobial Property of Mango Twigs Extract against Dental Caries-causing Microorganisms (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus)
Jervene Venturina, Santiago Bataller Jr., Raymark Camato
Dental caries is an ecological disease in which the diet, the host and the microbial flora interact over a period of time in such a way as to encourage demineralisation of the tooth enamel which results to caries formation. This disease can affect both the enamel (the outer coating of the tooth) and the dentin (the inner layer of the tooth). This is also a disease of all ages, affecting not only children but also for adults since recession of the gums are prevalent in the old ages; this occurrence exposes the tooth roots to plaque causing greater damage (Tonn, 2009)
Dental caries will not occur if the oral cavity is free of bacteria. These bacteria are organised into a material known as dental plaque which is yellowish coloured film on the surface of the teeth. Of the many types of bacteria in the mouth, the most caries active appear to be Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Veillonella spp. and Actinomyces spp. These bacteria can be transferred from mother to child and are present at varying levels in all human mouths. A variety of carbohydrates provide substrates for these organisms to grow on and the waste products of their metabolism -acids - initiate the tooth decay process by dissolving tooth enamel.
There are three major hypotheses for the etiology of dental caries: the specific plaque hypothesis, the nonspecific plaque hypothesis, and the ecological plaque hypothesis. The specific plaque hypothesis has proposed that only a few specific species, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, are actively involved in the disease. On the other hand, the nonspecific plaque hypothesis maintains that caries is the outcome of the overall activity of the total plaque microflora, which is comprised of many bacterial species. The ecological plaque
Jervene Venturina, Santiago Bataller Jr., Raymark Camato
Dental caries is an ecological disease in which the diet, the host and the microbial flora interact over a period of time in such a way as to encourage demineralisation of the tooth enamel which results to caries formation. This disease can affect both the enamel (the outer coating of the tooth) and the dentin (the inner layer of the tooth). This is also a disease of all ages, affecting not only children but also for adults since recession of the gums are prevalent in the old ages; this occurrence exposes the tooth roots to plaque causing greater damage (Tonn, 2009)
Dental caries will not occur if the oral cavity is free of bacteria. These bacteria are organised into a material known as dental plaque which is yellowish coloured film on the surface of the teeth. Of the many types of bacteria in the mouth, the most caries active appear to be Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Veillonella spp. and Actinomyces spp. These bacteria can be transferred from mother to child and are present at varying levels in all human mouths. A variety of carbohydrates provide substrates for these organisms to grow on and the waste products of their metabolism -acids - initiate the tooth decay process by dissolving tooth enamel.
There are three major hypotheses for the etiology of dental caries: the specific plaque hypothesis, the nonspecific plaque hypothesis, and the ecological plaque hypothesis. The specific plaque hypothesis has proposed that only a few specific species, such as Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, are actively involved in the disease. On the other hand, the nonspecific plaque hypothesis maintains that caries is the outcome of the overall activity of the total plaque microflora, which is comprised of many bacterial species. The ecological plaque
References: Tonn,E.(2009)Dental health and cavities retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/cavities/article.htm Jørn A. Aas, Ann L. Griffen, Sara R. Dardis, Alice M. Lee, Ingar Olsen, Floyd E. Dewhirst, Eugene J. Leys, and Bruce J. Paster (2008). Bacteria of Dental Caries in Primary and Permanent Teeth in Children and Young Adults Streptococcus mutans (2005) retrieved from http://www.freewebs.com/naguiar/ Marcelle M. Nascimento, José A. C. Lemos, Jacqueline Abranches, Reginaldo B. Gonçalves, and Robert A. Burne (2004) Adaptive Acid Tolerance Response of Streptococcus sobrinus. Retrieved from http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/186/19/6383