AP Environmental Science
4. Describe the role of fishing communities and individual consumers in regulating fishing and coastal development.
Fishing communities can regulate fishing by using allotment and enforcements systems for controlling fish catches (catch-share systems) Individual consumers can boycott companies who do not participate in environmentally conscientious practices and buy instead from those who do.
5. Describe and discuss the limitations of three ways to estimate the sizes of fish populations
Maximum Sustained yield: Traditional approach that is used to project the maximum number of fish that can be harvested annually from a fish stock without causing a population drop. Yet it has difficulty estimating the populations and growth rates of fish stocks.
Optimum Sustained Yield: Attempts to take in account interactions among species and to provide more room for error.
Multispecies Management: Takes into account species competitive and predator prey interactions. The limitation for these two is that there is much to learn about the biology of fishes and changing ocean conditions.
6. How can government subsidies encourage overfishing?
It is estimated that governments around the world give a total of about 30 to 40 billion dollars a year to help fishers keep their businesses running. Such money can help fishers by ships, fuel, and fishing equipment as well as for research and management of fisheries. Yet these subsidies encourage over fishing and the expansion of the fishing industry. This allows for methods to be used that cause overfishing such as trolling nets.
7. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using individual transfer rights to manage fisheries.
Advantages
Can reduce overfishing due to government control
Disadvantages
Difficult to enforce
Can squeeze out small businesses, encouraging illegal fishing
Limit on quota is hard to establish
8. How does the US attempt to reduce wetland losses?
The US attempts to reduce wetlands
Fishing communities can regulate fishing by using allotment and enforcements systems for controlling fish catches (catch-share systems) Individual consumers can boycott companies who do not participate in environmentally conscientious practices and buy instead from those who do.
5. Describe and discuss the limitations of three ways to estimate the sizes of fish populations
Maximum Sustained yield: Traditional approach that is used to project the maximum number of fish that can be harvested annually from a fish stock without causing a population drop. Yet it has difficulty estimating the populations and growth rates of fish stocks.
Optimum Sustained Yield: Attempts to take in account interactions among species and to provide more room for error.
Multispecies Management: Takes into account species competitive and predator prey interactions. The limitation for these two is that there is much to learn about the biology of fishes and changing ocean conditions.
6. How can government subsidies encourage overfishing?
It is estimated that governments around the world give a total of about 30 to 40 billion dollars a year to help fishers keep their businesses running. Such money can help fishers by ships, fuel, and fishing equipment as well as for research and management of fisheries. Yet these subsidies encourage over fishing and the expansion of the fishing industry. This allows for methods to be used that cause overfishing such as trolling nets.
7. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using individual transfer rights to manage fisheries.
Advantages
Can reduce overfishing due to government control
Disadvantages
Difficult to enforce
Can squeeze out small businesses, encouraging illegal fishing
Limit on quota is hard to establish
8. How does the US attempt to reduce wetland losses?
The US attempts to reduce wetlands