The Common Fisheries Policy is a set of rules for ultimately conserving fish stocks. They aim to try and ensure that fishing and aquaculture are environmentally, economically and socially sustainable and hat they provide a source of healthy food for EU citizens. The first measures, setting regulations for access to fishing grounds, markets and structures were established in 1970. The Common Fisheries Policy was subsequently introduced in 1983 and has since seen reforms to try and ensure complete future sustainability of the exploitation of this resource.
The first regulations adopted in 1970 laid down a common structural policy for the fishing industry; the number and size of boats, and regulated the market in fishery products. The six founding Member States of the EEC, including UK, Denmark, Ireland and Norway, established the ‘Equal Access Principle.’ This gave each Member State the equal right to fish in the same waters as other Member States i.e. the North Atlantic, the North Sea and the English Channel. In 1976 Member States agreed to extend their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) rights to marine resources from 12 nautical miles to 200 miles offshore. This international convention applied to all countries that had North Atlantic and North Sea coastlines as the independent declaration of such a zone by Iceland in 1975 provoked clashes between the UK and Icelandic vessels over fishing rights, also known as the ‘Cod Wars’ by many. This initial reform helped to settle political disputes over fishing waters, however, it did not address the issue of overfishing in the seas surrounding these Member States and therefore did not help the way to sustainability.
Then in 1983 the Common Fisheries Policy was introduced. This established measures governing where fishing was prohibited or restricted, the standard of fishing gear used, the minimum size of fish that could be