Key Terms, People, and Events
Mikhail Gorbachev (1931-) – “Typical of the new generation of political leaders was Mikhail Gorbachev, who was, above all, a technocrat, someone who could apply specialized technical knowledge to the problems of a stagnant Soviet economy” (903).
Glasnot- “Gorbachev set in motion in 1985 plans for increased openness, which he called glasnost” (903).
Perestroika- “Gorbachev set in motion in 1985 plans for . . . a program of political and economic restructuring which he dubbed perestroika” (903).
Boris Yeltsin (1931-2007)- “Economic reform broke sharply with the centralized economy established by Stalin in the 1930s, Gorbachev candidly warned that he would not implement a consumption revolution in the near future. Many critics, including fellow communist Boris Yeltsin, believed that Gorbachev did not go far enough with his economic reforms” (904).
Ronald Reagan- “Gorbachev and Reagan agreed to systematic arms reduction and greater cooperation. In 1988, Soviet troops began the withdrawal from Afghanistan and completed the process by the following year” (904).
Solidarity- “Shipyard workers in Gdansk were ready, solidly organized in a new noncommunist labor union called Solidarity under the leadership of a politically astute electrician named Lech Walesa” (905).
Gdansk Accords- “The government agreed to a series of union backed reforms known as the Gdansk Accords, which, among other measures, increased civil liberties and acknowledged Solidarity’s right to exist” (905).
Wojciech Jaruzelski- “Jaruzelski attempted to curb the union’s demands for democratic government and participation in management by harsh measures: he declared martial law on 13 December 1981. Jaruzelski was trying to save the Polish Communist Party by using Polish military to crack down on the dissidents” (905).
Lech Walesa- “Solidly organized in a new noncommunist labor union called Solidarity under the leadership of a politically astute