Ap Psychology Unit 6 Essay
Connor Tom
AP Psychology P.6
2/2/2014
Ch. 10 Objective Questions
1. Describe the nature of concepts and the role of prototypes in concept formation. We use concepts to simplify and order the world around us. We divide clusters of objects, events, ideas, or people into categories based on their similarities. In creating hierarchies, we subdivide these categories into smaller and more detailed units. We form other concepts, such as triangles, by definition (three-sided objects). But we form most concepts around prototypes, or best examples of a category. Matching objects and ideas against prototypes is an efficient way of making snap judgments about what belongs in a specific category. 2. Discuss how we use trial and error, …show more content…
But on a personal level, overconfident people tend to live happier lives, make difficult decisions more easily, and seem more credible. 6. Explain how our beliefs distort logical reasoning, and describe the belief perseverance phenomenon. We tend to judge conclusions that agree with our beliefs as more logical than those that do not match our beliefs. This belief bias can lead us to accept invalid conclusions and reject valid ones. Belief perseverance is clinging to our ideas because the explanation we once accepted as valid lingers in our mind even after it has been discredited. The best remedy for this form of bias is making the effort to consider evidence supporting the opposite position. 7. Describe artificial intelligence, and contrast the human mind and the computer as information …show more content…
Describe the structure of language in terms of sound, meaning, and grammar. All languages have the same basic structural units. Phonemes are the basic units of sound in a language. Morphemes are the elementary units of meaning; some (such as I) are words, but most are elements such as prefixes (anti-) or suffixes (-ing).Grammar is the system of rules (mental rules, not those taught in English classes) that enable us to communicate and understand others. Semantics, which is part of grammar, is a set of rules for deriving meaning in a given language. Syntax, also a part of grammar, is a set of rules for ordering words into sentences. 9. Trace the course of language acquisition from the babbling stage through the two-word stage. At about 4 months of age, infants babble, making a wide range of sounds found in languages located all over the world. By about 10 months, their babbling contains only the sounds found in their household language. Around 12 months of age, babies speak in single words. This one-word stage evolves into two-word (telegraphic) utterances before their second birthday. Shortly after that, children begin speaking in full sentences. The timing of these stages varies a little from one child to another, but all children follow this
AP Psychology P.6
2/2/2014
Ch. 10 Objective Questions
1. Describe the nature of concepts and the role of prototypes in concept formation. We use concepts to simplify and order the world around us. We divide clusters of objects, events, ideas, or people into categories based on their similarities. In creating hierarchies, we subdivide these categories into smaller and more detailed units. We form other concepts, such as triangles, by definition (three-sided objects). But we form most concepts around prototypes, or best examples of a category. Matching objects and ideas against prototypes is an efficient way of making snap judgments about what belongs in a specific category. 2. Discuss how we use trial and error, …show more content…
But on a personal level, overconfident people tend to live happier lives, make difficult decisions more easily, and seem more credible. 6. Explain how our beliefs distort logical reasoning, and describe the belief perseverance phenomenon. We tend to judge conclusions that agree with our beliefs as more logical than those that do not match our beliefs. This belief bias can lead us to accept invalid conclusions and reject valid ones. Belief perseverance is clinging to our ideas because the explanation we once accepted as valid lingers in our mind even after it has been discredited. The best remedy for this form of bias is making the effort to consider evidence supporting the opposite position. 7. Describe artificial intelligence, and contrast the human mind and the computer as information …show more content…
Describe the structure of language in terms of sound, meaning, and grammar. All languages have the same basic structural units. Phonemes are the basic units of sound in a language. Morphemes are the elementary units of meaning; some (such as I) are words, but most are elements such as prefixes (anti-) or suffixes (-ing).Grammar is the system of rules (mental rules, not those taught in English classes) that enable us to communicate and understand others. Semantics, which is part of grammar, is a set of rules for deriving meaning in a given language. Syntax, also a part of grammar, is a set of rules for ordering words into sentences. 9. Trace the course of language acquisition from the babbling stage through the two-word stage. At about 4 months of age, infants babble, making a wide range of sounds found in languages located all over the world. By about 10 months, their babbling contains only the sounds found in their household language. Around 12 months of age, babies speak in single words. This one-word stage evolves into two-word (telegraphic) utterances before their second birthday. Shortly after that, children begin speaking in full sentences. The timing of these stages varies a little from one child to another, but all children follow this