AP World History Chapter 15 Traditions and Encounters Study Guide
I. Islamic and Hindu kingdoms
A. The quest for centralized imperial rule
1. North India
a. Tension among regional kingdoms
b. Nomadic Turks became absorbed into Indian society
2. Harsha (reigned 606-648 C.E.) temporarily restored unified rule in north India
B. Introduction of Islam to northern India
1. The Sind were conquered by Arab Muslims and passed to Abbasids
2. Muslim merchants formed small communities in all major cities of coastal India
3. Turkish migrants and Islam: Turks convert to Islam in tenth century
a. Some moved to Afghanistan and established an Islamic state
b. Mahmud of Ghazni, Turk leader in Afghanistan, made expeditions to northern India
4. The sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526 C.E.)
a. Mahmud's successors conquered north India, 1206
b. Established an Islamic state known as the sultanate of Delhi
c. Sultans' authority did not extend far beyond the capital at Delhi
d. Islam began to have a place in India
C. The Hindu kingdoms of southern India
1. The south: politically divided but relatively peaceful
2. The Chola kingdom (850-1267 C.E.) was a larger kingdom; ruled Coromandel coast
a. At its high point, conquered Ceylon and parts of southeast Asia
b. Navy dominated waters from South China Sea to Arabian Sea
c. Not a tightly centralized state; local autonomy was strong
d. Began to decline by the twelfth century
D. The kingdom of Vijayanagar (1336-1565 C.E.)
1. Established by two Indian brothers
2. They renounced Islam in 1336 and returned to their Hindu faith
II. Production and trade in the Indian Ocean basin
A. Agriculture in the monsoon world
1. The monsoons (rains in spring and summer)
2. Irrigation systems were needed for dry months
a. No big river in south India; waterworks included dams, reservoirs, canals, wells
b. Stored rainwater in large reservoirs connected to canals
c. One reservoir constructed during the eleventh century covered 250 square miles
3. Population growth: 53 million in 600 C.E. to 105 million in 1500 C.E.
4. Urbanization
A. The quest for centralized imperial rule
1. North India
a. Tension among regional kingdoms
b. Nomadic Turks became absorbed into Indian society
2. Harsha (reigned 606-648 C.E.) temporarily restored unified rule in north India
B. Introduction of Islam to northern India
1. The Sind were conquered by Arab Muslims and passed to Abbasids
2. Muslim merchants formed small communities in all major cities of coastal India
3. Turkish migrants and Islam: Turks convert to Islam in tenth century
a. Some moved to Afghanistan and established an Islamic state
b. Mahmud of Ghazni, Turk leader in Afghanistan, made expeditions to northern India
4. The sultanate of Delhi (1206-1526 C.E.)
a. Mahmud's successors conquered north India, 1206
b. Established an Islamic state known as the sultanate of Delhi
c. Sultans' authority did not extend far beyond the capital at Delhi
d. Islam began to have a place in India
C. The Hindu kingdoms of southern India
1. The south: politically divided but relatively peaceful
2. The Chola kingdom (850-1267 C.E.) was a larger kingdom; ruled Coromandel coast
a. At its high point, conquered Ceylon and parts of southeast Asia
b. Navy dominated waters from South China Sea to Arabian Sea
c. Not a tightly centralized state; local autonomy was strong
d. Began to decline by the twelfth century
D. The kingdom of Vijayanagar (1336-1565 C.E.)
1. Established by two Indian brothers
2. They renounced Islam in 1336 and returned to their Hindu faith
II. Production and trade in the Indian Ocean basin
A. Agriculture in the monsoon world
1. The monsoons (rains in spring and summer)
2. Irrigation systems were needed for dry months
a. No big river in south India; waterworks included dams, reservoirs, canals, wells
b. Stored rainwater in large reservoirs connected to canals
c. One reservoir constructed during the eleventh century covered 250 square miles
3. Population growth: 53 million in 600 C.E. to 105 million in 1500 C.E.
4. Urbanization