APA Reference Guide
Citation and Reference Guide:
•
Citations o in the body of your paper o 3 items that have to be cited
Word-for-word quotations
Paraphrased content - in your own words
Summarized content - in your own words
Citation Type
First item in parentheses Author(s)’ last name(s) Second item in parentheses Year of publication Paraphrase
Author(s)’ last name(s) Year of publication Summarize
Author(s)’ last name(s) Year of publication Quotation
Third item in parentheses Page number or paragraph number of where quote was taken
Examples
(Smith, 2007,
p. 123).
(Smith, Brown,
& Jones, 2005, para. 4).
(Smith, 2005).
(Smith,
Anderson,
Jones, &
Brown, 2001).
(Smith, 2005).
(Smith,
Anderson,
Jones, &
Brown, 2001).
o For all research, the two most important things to include in every citation are:
Author(s)’ last name(s) (Johnson, Harris, Smith, Brown).
Date of publication (2008). o If you are quoting material directly, then you must have a third item in the citation:
Page number (p. 132).
If there is no page number, then use a paragraph number (para. 9). o Order of citation:
Always list author last name and then the date of publication. Use a comma to separate them.
(Johnson, 2004).
There are two ways of including information about your source:
1. Directly in the sentence.
2. At the end of a sentence with information enclosed in parentheses and followed by a period.
The first item:
The author (year of publication) said that he believes…
Norm Johnson (1999) said that he believes…OR
Smith (2004) stated… with quotation:
• Norm Johnson (1999) said, “I believe that adults should go back to school” (p.
132).
o Quotation marks always have a beginning and end o Quotation marks occur BEFORE the citation o Periods are always AFTER the citation (p. 132).
The second item:
Research shows that…young (Author last name only, year)
Research shows that…young (Smith, 2005).
Period is always after
•
Citations o in the body of your paper o 3 items that have to be cited
Word-for-word quotations
Paraphrased content - in your own words
Summarized content - in your own words
Citation Type
First item in parentheses Author(s)’ last name(s) Second item in parentheses Year of publication Paraphrase
Author(s)’ last name(s) Year of publication Summarize
Author(s)’ last name(s) Year of publication Quotation
Third item in parentheses Page number or paragraph number of where quote was taken
Examples
(Smith, 2007,
p. 123).
(Smith, Brown,
& Jones, 2005, para. 4).
(Smith, 2005).
(Smith,
Anderson,
Jones, &
Brown, 2001).
(Smith, 2005).
(Smith,
Anderson,
Jones, &
Brown, 2001).
o For all research, the two most important things to include in every citation are:
Author(s)’ last name(s) (Johnson, Harris, Smith, Brown).
Date of publication (2008). o If you are quoting material directly, then you must have a third item in the citation:
Page number (p. 132).
If there is no page number, then use a paragraph number (para. 9). o Order of citation:
Always list author last name and then the date of publication. Use a comma to separate them.
(Johnson, 2004).
There are two ways of including information about your source:
1. Directly in the sentence.
2. At the end of a sentence with information enclosed in parentheses and followed by a period.
The first item:
The author (year of publication) said that he believes…
Norm Johnson (1999) said that he believes…OR
Smith (2004) stated… with quotation:
• Norm Johnson (1999) said, “I believe that adults should go back to school” (p.
132).
o Quotation marks always have a beginning and end o Quotation marks occur BEFORE the citation o Periods are always AFTER the citation (p. 132).
The second item:
Research shows that…young (Author last name only, year)
Research shows that…young (Smith, 2005).
Period is always after
Citations: Examples (Smith, 2007, (Smith, Brown, & Jones, 2005, (Smith, 2005). Jones, & Brown, 2001). (Smith, 2005). Jones, & Brown, 2001). Date of publication (2008). (Johnson, 2004). Norm Johnson (1999) said that he believes…OR Smith (2004) stated… with quotation: • Norm Johnson (1999) said, “I believe that adults should go back to school” (p. Research shows that…young (Smith, 2005). In absence of an author, show the title of the article (Psychology for Children, 2004). Are you quoting and have no page number? Show the paragraph number (Smith, 2004, para