Archetype is an innate predisposition that affixes human mind with the wisdom of the past generations. It is a performed image, a dream or a catalyst to a particular action. Archetypes appear in the mind as personal forms like emotions, dreams, feelings etc., which seems to structure awareness in relation with the past memory.
The term archetype was popularized by the psychological concept of Carl Gustav Jung. Jung was the contemporary of Sigmund Freud. He studied with Freud (1907-1912) until he adapted himself in his own theory and work. Jung saw Freud's theory of the unconscious as incomplete and unnecessarily negative and inelastic. According to Jung, Freud conceived the unconscious solely as a repository of repressed emotions and desires.
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Northrop Frye expresses that one can approach iliterature in many ways and one among them is archetypal appraoch in his work The Great Code; Anatomy of Criticism.
To him the term archetype means an original idea or pattern of something of which others are copies. Archetypal approach centres on the reading of literature in connection with the cultural patterns which are based on the myths, rituals of race or nation. In this text he also contends that archetypal criticisms scrutinize the symbols, images, myths, rituals and folk lore and cultures used by the writers where these have their origin from primitive myths. According to him, these myths lie buried in the minds of the people. He also encompasses the four phases of myth:
The dawn, spring and the birth