Plutarch’s writings on Sparta provide great insight into the traits and values that were esteemed in Spartan society, during and after the time of Lycurgus. These values were not only prized in the Spartan people, but were expected and were a reflection of the militaristic style of government. Plutarch informs the reader that health and fitness were essential qualities for the people to possess: to this extent, great importance was placed on creating healthy and fit women so that they might bear healthy, fit offspring. Lycurgian Sparta truly emphasised the importance of healthy children, which were to be curbed and shaped into dedicated soldiers willing to lay down their life at the word of their leaders. Because of this, individualism was not tolerated; all personal fancies of an individual or his family were disregarded. All children were to be raised and taught only what the State deemed valuable. The document repeatedly asserts that uniformity was key and even leadership roles were espoused…
The strive to become the great, powerful ancient Greek empire we came to know reflected in the choice of their heroes. Take Odysseus for example, he fought hard during the war of Troy, ultimately coming up with the master plan to win the war. But that wasn’t it, Odysseus faced even greater dangers and…
Virtue is finding that middle ground between two extremes. Each virtue has two opposites, for example: modesty is the mean between shyness and shamelessness, shyness being the excess and shamelessness being the deficiency. To me this sounds like Aristotle is mainly concerned with the mean as its aim. However, the mean of one person may be a different mean for another since every individual is different. He gives a good example of this in (1106b) where he speaks about deciding on portions of food, the specific needs of each person needs to be taken into account. An athlete would need to eat more food than your everyday man. When it comes to deciding what is virtuous one needs to find a mean that is specific to one self. The mean should lie between the two extremes of vice: excess and deficiency. What Aristotle means by excess is going beyond what is appropriate in terms of feelings and in actions. On the other hand deficiency falls short of what is appropriate. The mean that we search for is a cross between the two vices and is found in a trial and error like process through the experiences of one’s own life. Aristotle also refers to virtue as an active condition. What I believe…
A personal virtue that is a major theme in the epic, The Odyssey, is loyalty and perseverance. The best example of loyalty in of the epic, Penelope, who waited faithfully in Ithaca for 20 years for her husband, Odysseus’, to return. Odysseus’ son Telemachus, who also showed loyalty by standing by his father against the suitors who are after the throne. The two analytical lenses that I will use to interpret this epic, is the Psychological and the social class lens. The psychology lens focuses on the internal struggles of a character in a text. This could be seen by the three main characters, Odysseus, Telemachus, and Penelope. All three character, psychologically, have their mind set on their longing reunion throughout the epic which ties to…
The Greeks most important values and ideas to their culture is a deeper meaning, rising above, problem-solving, intellectuality. The Greece civilization could have created their own empire, but instead of creating that empire, the Greeks decided it would be a clever idea to fight with one another. The Greeks had struggled with hardship such as external forces that would threaten human life. The internal human choices caused suffering as well with unhappiness. Additionally, the gods had already made their choices and they did not care how it affected the civilizations on earth. Thus, the Greek individuals had to just face what the gods decided.…
One of the first compelling points Cahill and Straus describe is excellence. Excellence is what the Greeks cared most about because it was dominated by alpha males. Cahill mentioned that the Greeks did everything within a contest; someone always had to lose or win. Athletic completions were a way to show strength and aggression without creating war. However, contests were not just contained to the Olympics, but also in drama, poetry and plays. Although, Strauss said war for territory was prevalent among the Greeks and to keep the expenses down in war, treason was practiced often.…
Honor and glory are central to the Greek character. Since heroes are the essence of the society from which they come from, Greek heroes live their lives according to honor and glory, in all kinds of varied forms. Both traits trigger a magnificent war that takes the lives of numerous men, and shapes its development at every stage. The fall of Troy is “a thing… whose glory shall perish never (Homer, Iliad 2.324)”. The goal of the Greeks is fame that is never ending and lastly even after death, and they let nothing bar their way. The honor of the individual, family, and community guide every action…
It is true that each author speaks virtues that are common to both the medieval and ancient times. Aristotle being so cunning during his era introduces virtue or excellence consisting of two parts moral and intellectual which can be taught, it is not possible to change what is naturally imprinted. Moral education is tangible through habits and experiences. Virtue can be achieved, not easily; it takes more than one characteristic to meet it.…
The word arete gets its meaning from the root word aristos. The philosopher Aristotle used the word virtue in his description of arete, and it was Plato who made the distinction between the arete of animals compared to arete of human beings. Arete has a broad scope a but can be observed in these three areas of life: achieving one’s full potential, effort-striving to be the best person one can be, and being the best possible person over the course of one’s life. The English word virtue in…
Eyes are the gateway to the soul, or so the old saying goes. People’s eyes can convey their feelings - their anger, excitement, or worry. Eyes can also convey subconscious emotions, revealing hidden depths that might not otherwise be apparent. In The Great Gatsby we are introduced to many characters whose eyes effectively reveal their personalities. The author explores the symbolism of eyes as Nick, the narrator, observes the lives and interactions of his friends on Long Island. One of his acquaintances, Daisy, is a flighty girl, married to a retired football player. Her husband, Tom Buchanan, embodies the classic tough-white-male aura. These two and the majority of other east coast characters are eventually seen as immoral, and the author’s portrayal of their eyes foreshadowed this development. Through a complex analysis of The Great Gatsby, one can argue that eyes are used as a motif that symbolizes the “loss of virtue in America.”…
In Book V, Homer: The Iliad, I found that Diomedes does embody arête, which means “becoming the best you can be” or “reaching your highest human potential.” I found several instances in the book relating to the way he fought, which I felt referred to this particular saying, arête.…
Honor and glory are central to the Greek character. Since heroes are the essence of the society from which they come, Greek heroes live their lives according to honor and glory, in all their varied forms. Honor and glory trigger an epic war that takes the lives of numerous men, and shape its development at every stage. The fall of Troy is "a thing whose glory shall perish never (Homer, Iliad 2.324)". The goal of the Greeks is the fame that resounds even after death, and they let nothing bar their way. The honor of the individual, family, and community guide every action and response. Honor and glory define the hero, and therefore are the foundations for everything that comes to pass in Homer's Iliad.…
Plato’s moral theory consisted of the concept of the soul and the concept of virtue as function. To Plato, the soul has three parts; reason, spirit, and appetite. The reason we do things is to reach a goal or value, our spirit drives us to accomplish our goal, and our desire for things is our appetite. The three virtues that must be fulfilled to reach the fourth, general virtue are temperance, courage, and wisdom, which correlate with the three parts of the soul. In order to achieve inner harmony, every part of the soul must be fulfilling its proper function.…
characteristics of a tragic hero and nobility. His imperfection is later shown in his pride. After Tiresias…
Arête can be viewed as a captivating quality that can light a fire of patriotism under the hearts of many, while hubris can destroy the reputation of a person and destroy the determination of a rising power. As seen in the Iliad, arête is the main social value of Greek life and is the first spark of patriotism for a civilization that is only beginning. In the Iliad, the rage of Achilles is a perfect example of hubris in early Greek civilization. When Achilles says, “I will not return until Trojans set fire to the ships” (Homer 9.667-78), Achilles is making an attempt to take what he has not yet earned. His aristos has gone to his head and he is no longer thinking of the excellence he might be earning in battle, but the power he could gain over another person or group.…