8. The reactance offered by a capacitor to alternating current of frequency 50 Hz is 20 Q. If frequency is increased to 100 Hz, then reactance becomes -----------------.…
I don't believe this argument is successful, simply because it is possible to believe something with no evidence whatsoever, the consequences of which may or may not be blameworthy; such as believing that there exists somewhere in the world a living Tyrannosaurus Rex.…
A- Argument from experience: We can freely choose and that the choices we make are up to us. In countless situations, we have the impression that there are alternatives open to us and that nothing prevents us from choosing any one from- or from not choosing. We continually have the experience that we are acting freely.…
arguments against free will” (Tierney 2-3). In other words, people were more likely to cheat when they read that Crick stated that people don’t have the decision to act freely. The experiment enables Tierney’s readers to understand that it’s better to believe that free will exists because it leads to a moral intuition.…
Discussion Questions help students think about the assigned readings/nongraded activities and their own perspective on certain topics. DQs must be 125 to 200 words in length and use proper English.…
One of the main questions that we face is whether or not, we as humans have genuine freedom. Are we free to make our own choices? Do we decide what happens in our lives in the future? Or are our lives set pathways in which we have no say at all? Are all our choices already decided? In other words, do we have free will or are our actions pre-determined, or both? Hard determinists, libertarians and soft determinists all set out to provide answers to these questions, holding different views on whether or not free will and determinism are compatible. Both hard determinists and libertarians believe that free will and determinism are incompatible but hard determinists reject the idea of free will whereas libertarians support the idea of free will and reject determinism. On the other hand, soft determinists believe that free will and determinism are in fact compatible.…
How does acting out of self-interest drive the theory of determinism well..., what is determinism it is defined as the ‘means universal causation? For everything that occurs there is a corresponding cause.” In philosophy it is known as “the doctrine that all events, including human decisions, are completely determined by previously existing causes.” One states that it is corresponding cause while the other states that it is previously an existing cause. So, how does acting out of Self-Interest drive the theory of determinism; that is to say determinism is claimed that our existence is ‘pre-determined’, the that free will is, but an illusion. Many who believes in a destiny-path or so form of supernatural (Religious-faith), will be hard to believe or even comprehended determinism.…
Every time I think I have grasped the concept of this statement, I come up with an even more frustrating idea. My basic understanding of this quote is that my parents had to obviously think about whether or not they wanted a child. So my parents did think about me before I was born. My more in depth understanding is that God himself had a decision committee where he stated that so and so will be born on this day. However if God did decide when I was to no longer be just a thought then he most likely also predetermined my entire life story and every path I took. Which leads me to believe that I have no control over my life and I am just a puppet being pulled by strings attached to the heavens. However, if this were true then the idea of choice would be obsolete. Since this is not the case and we do indeed have free choice before deciding upon any action, my previous theory of predetermination can't possibly be true. No matter the case I believe and hope that we all choose our own path and that God does not have a say in the…
e. Transition: It was predestined that the group would speak on the arguments of free will, but the group indeed had the ability to choose from other topics. Predestination only means that it is known by a completely free and omniscient being what we will decide throughout life.…
The excerpt I chose was “Free Will versus Determinism”, and I noticed from the beginning the piece was written with reasons to support the content. First, the presentation introduces two beliefs; the behavior of atoms is governed entirely by physical law, and humans have free will. Immediately after presenting these ideas and questioning the relations in the two, the excerpt explains the logical approach to why they do not necessarily favor one another. Any argument that is presented, or comparison of two aspects, needs facts and reasons to confirm why the person is trying to convince the reader or other person that the argument is supported.…
According to A.J. Ayer, the problem of free will arises from the apparent incompatibility of two common assumptions about human action : excepting certain rare and easily identifiable cases, human action is free in the sense required for holding agents responsible for their actions, and that like all events, human actions are governed by deterministic causal laws. If human actions are governed by such laws, it would seem that we are never free to act otherwise than we do and hence that we can never be held responsible for what we do. Much of the free will debate has proceeded with determinists on one side affirming and denying and those Ayer calls “moralists” doing exactly the opposite in an attempt to preserve the reality or legitimacy of moral responsibility. Ayer believes that this way of proceeding is hopeless for the moralists because so long as we understand the freedom required for moral responsibility as freedom from causal determination, then will be false whether it is true or not. Ayer argues that the freedom required for moral responsibility should not be construed as freedom from causal determination, but rather as freedom from compulsion or constraint. This kind of freedom, he argues, is compatible with the principle that all events are causally determined. The moralist agrees with the determinist that if our actions are determined by causal laws, then we are not free in the sense required by moral responsibility. So, if he is to maintain that we are free and responsible, he must deny Determinism. But, Ayer would demand, the denial of Determinism can be of no help to the moralist. If our actions are not under the purview of causal laws, then to that extent, they are random and…
1. Explain to us what any of these theories means (Hard Determinism, Soft Determinism, or Libertarianism) using terms or examples from Reading 1407. 2. Then, explain one problem (as defined or discussed in Reading 1407) with that theory, which suggests or implies there is a difficulty in accepting that theory.…
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines philosophical determinism as “the belief that all events are caused by things that happened before them and that people have no real ability to make choices or control what happens; a theory or doctrine that acts of the will, occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws; a belief in predestination, the quality or state of being determined” (1). Does this mean that whatever action we make is a choice that doesn’t belong to us, but is rather a result of complex events that surround us? Do people have a right to justify some of their actions, and can be excused due to an idea that they do not act voluntarily?…
Society walks about day-by-day living their lives and never really thinking or breaking down how their day unfolds or why it plays out the way it does. Some people have said that individuals have a choice and are able to decide on where their day goes. Others on the other hand would argue this assessment and state that your day and your life as whole are all pre determined. The different is free will vs. determinism. Do you believe we live in a free will world or has everything been planed out and is determined to happen no matter what? To start out on finding an answer to this question we must first break down the two terms and a bit about their background and what they mean to us as an individual walking around day-to-day living our lives.…
Choice is an action, so there has to be an actor. Our mind - the totality of our mental processes, does the choosing. In particular, it is that aspect of our mind that is aware of the "self" that recognizes and monitors freewill choices. We choose to think or not, what to think about, how much and how long to concentrate on an issue, how many options to consider, which of the options to select, etc. We also make higher level choices of goals and values, such as desirable character traits, careers, friends and lovers, and of course, moral decisions such as when to lie or tell the truth. Freewill comprises conscious choices only. By definition, freewill pertains to choices that we can monitor and influence, and therefore must exclude subconscious and unconscious choices. This does not mean that such unaware choices are ultimately beyond our control - beyond freewill - but only that they must be controlled indirectly. We can control them through explicit change of values and beliefs, and through conscious modification of…