It is said that among the major literary genres recognized today, the ‘novel’ is the most accessible to the majority of the readership. However, in terms of stylistic analysis, novels are the most difficult subjects to analyze. However, a trend that has been observed for the bulk of the twentieth-century is that literary criticism conducted on the genre of narrative texts (i.e. novels) have primarily focused on narrative point of view (Short, 1996, pg. 256) and this is not without cause.…
During the early half of the 20th century, a new style of criticism emerged allowing literary texts to be examined as “independent and complete works of art” as defined by Linda Pavlovski (1). It is evident that literary works were and still are interpreted with aid from historical, biological, and even cultural perspectives but New Criticism advocates each work of literary can stand with its own importance unaided. Critic, poet, and author of the book titled The New Criticism, John Crow Ransom, established New Criticism as the term which is used today. The majority of critics who use New Criticism use it to analyze and defend poetry from its common interpretations. A poem that can be analyzed by New Criticism is “When I Heard a Learn’d Astronomer” by Walt Whitman. The eight-lined poem recounts a day in class and a revelatory encounter with nature. Sticking to Pavlovski’s definition of New Criticism and by focusing on a close reading of the technicalities such as structure, paradoxes, and word choice the message is clear to read.…
Reading and writing is essential to our lives; we read and write every day in at least one way, shape, or form. Just about any educated person can read and write, but reading and writing on a scholarly or literary level demands a higher level of knowledge and understanding. There are a wide variety of aspects of literature to take into account when writing literature. Some aspects are familiar to most people: theme, setting, and characterization, among others. Meanwhile, there are certain aspects of literature that require a higher level of understanding such as style, tone, atmosphere, and figurative language. Every writer has a different method of writing, but for the most part, writers use a general structure when composing a new piece of literature. Each type of literary piece (narratives, poems, essays, speeches) has a different structure due to different reasons - each category of literature has one or more ways to shape and form the writing, but it depends on the overall purpose and type of publication. Critically thinking about literary writing is less tricky than it sounds. Critical thinking merely requires deep thought and examination. Challenging assumptions and observing different perspectives is the most important part of literary critical thinking.…
The study of creative works by way of exploiting diverse writing skills has contributed to the field of art becoming more fascinating, although, to some extent, mechanical and mystifying. The literal skills employed, in quite a number of cases, are in allegorical fashion in order to obscure the profound connotation of the inventive piece and reactions of the artist. Numerous artists have brought into the play the usage of such literal skills. These techniques are frequently seen in the modern day artistic works. Nevertheless, quite a good number of booklovers are exposed to complications in understanding these masterpieces. This has brought a lot of insights to the extent to which artists may explore in order to…
Contents: Syllabus for Courses: A.ENG.3.01 – The Elements of Poetry A.ENG.3.02 – Indian Writing in English 1850-1980 A.ENG.3.MS -- Media Studies (Applied Component)…
Cited: Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print.…
When writing literature, one must focus on the form and expression of the content rather than the content itself. In “The Singing School”, Northrop Frye argues that “the literary writer isn’t giving information, either about a subject or about his state of mind: he’s trying to let something take on its own form…” (Frye 17). Unlike the first two levels of minds -where the English language at these levels is verbal address- literature has no direct audience due to limitless imagination and avant-garde. Frye is trying to say that composing literature is about pushing the envelope of what’s acceptable by challenging the audience’s beliefs about the conventional. For example, one’s attempt to tell a story is more than just what the story is about but the way the story is presented. Furthermore, when Fry contemplates art and science in “The Motive for Metaphor”, he reveals that art, which can be literature, begins with imagination: “It starts with the imagination, and then works towards ordinary experience: that is, it tries to make itself as convincing and recognizable as it can” (Frye 6). Even though a writer follows the same format and writing conventions, it’s the imagination of literature that allows authors to think outside the box and express themselves in a way that’s unique and innovative. For instance, a typical writer who tries to write a romantic piece will end up following romantic conventions without pushing the boundary by creating different ways of expression. After analyzing the various aspects of this topic, it’s safe to say that in literature the way one expresses him/herself is far more important than what he/she is saying.…
For this novel, I will be critically analyzing it using two theories, namely the “Formalist Criticism” (which is also known as “New Criticism”) and “Reader-Response Criticism”. The reason I choose both these criticism theories are because I personally opine that these two theories can realistically reflect our views on the literature read as readers.…
A good novel is hard to put down. The story in the novel is perfect with a great plot, convincing characters, and a suspenseful build up to the climax. You have been drawn into the story and it is almost like you are there, living along side the characters. You understand their background, their trials, and their joys. The story brings to life something from long ago that may or may not be fictional. It is hard to tell without doing further research. In reality, that further research does not mean much to you at the present moment. The story, in its entirety, is all the matters to you. This is Narrative Criticism. Narrative Criticism focuses on the stories told by a speaker or writer which help us to make meaning out of everyday life. Not only does Narrative Criticism focus on the speaker or writer, but the criticism also focuses on genre, structure, characterization, and the author’s perspective. The Narrative Criticism approach has roots in history and a type of criticism known as Historical Criticism. From Historical Criticism, Narrative Criticism has grown into a whole new understanding of the text: not in fragmented pieces or overanalyzed passages, but rather as a study of the story as a whole.…
According to ‘The Norton Introduction to Literature’, New Critics’ critical practice is to demonstrate formal unity by showing how every part of a work contributes to a central unifying theme. Every part is related to the whole and the whole is reflected in each part. This ‘organic unity’ is different from ‘mechanic unity’, the external, perceived structure or rules that arise not from the individuality of the work, but from the type or genre. As they focus on theme or meaning as well as form, the New Critics see literature referential, pointing to something outside itself, things in real, external world or in human experience. In general, the New Critics do not question the reality of the phenomenal world or the ability of language to represent it.…
This paper focuses on the linguistic perspective and existential anxiety in Arun Kolatkar’s poems. Arun Kolatkar is not a familiar name for many of us, in fact until he was included in the undergraduate syllabus of English Honours by West Bengal State University two years ago he was not known to us. Arun Balkrishna Kolatkar (1932 –2004) was a poet from Maharashtra, wrote in both Marathi and English. Radically experimental in nature, his poems are oblique, whimsical, mysterious, baffling and at the same time dark, sinister, and sarcastic and funny. His poetry represents the quintessence of modernism and left profound influence modern Marathi poets. Despite his inspiring and profound creativity it is ironical that his greatness has not been adequately acknowledged or recognized even after 7 years of his death. I would like to begin by quoting from one of Kolatkar’s Marathi poems.…
New Criticism differed greatly from previous forms as it dismissed authorial intent, and particularly ignored biographical and historical information about an author. Instead, literature was to be interpreted based solely on the cohesiveness of the work. To a New Critic, whatever the author intended was not relevant, as the form of the work always transformed intent, producing new meanings. The critic’s position was to evaluate various aspects of a text that produced ambiguity. He or she analyzed metaphor, simile, and other rhetorical tropes that resulted in stress and counterstress, reconciling them to find the harmony in a work. Through analysis, the critic could then tell readers how to interpret a text and what value was to be gained from reading a text. In other words, the critic became the interpreter through which literature could be understood.…
He was born on 22na of December 1887 in a small village of Tanjore district, Madras. He failed in English in Intermediate, so his formal studies were stopped but his self-study of mathematics continued.…
This paper is only for testing, just wanna be member.Literary criticism is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often informed by literary theory, which is the philosophical discussion of its methods and goals. Though the two activities are closely related, literary critics are not always, and have not always been, theorists.…
OR 2. Explore how either “the Planners” (by Boey Kim Cheng) or “The City Planners” (by Margaret Atwood) powerfully conveys feelings about the absurdity in the way cities are planned.…