Introduction:
State in the final analysis is a unique setup of diversified institutions, and political parties stand central to them. Political party is a significant and vital institution like any other institutions of the country. Without the party system, the state has no elasticity or true self-determination. But political parties must first develop as effective institutions for a proper functioning of democracy. As such, every society must have a political system with a basic framework that incorporates the totality of institutions and institutional arrangements working as the tools for the exercise of political power. (palambara, 1974) In flourishing democracy like Bangladesh input institutions like political parties, mass media, pressure groups and so on, and authoritative institutions like governmental organs, civil-military bureaucracy, loyal authorities play vital roles.
Fact, however, lies that here most of these institutions have been seeing dysfunctional effects on them despite being in an apparently democratic period of more than a decade. It is not, however, a pragmatic suggestion that in a new democracy, like Bangladesh.[1] In the absence of institutionalization, the ruling government’s fall is accelerated.
For the lack of institutionalization the parties break into sub-parties which engenders inter-conflict.(Duverger M, 1979) The continuous political violence among political parties that characterizes Bangladeshi politics raises the question of political instability, which may threaten the emerging democracy even may destabilize the foundation of democracy.[2] The shortcoming and failures of the party system in Bangladesh may quite meaningfully be analyzed from an institutional approach. Before analyzing at first we have to concern about ‘party’, concept of ‘institution’ and ‘institutionalization’.
Political party:
The party and the party system are the inevitable necessities of a modern state. A