A phobia is a persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable which must meet a set of criteria given in the DSM. A clinical diagnosis is made if there is no other possible physiological cause and if the symptoms cannot be better accounted for by another disorder. The individual also recognises their behaviour is unreasonable and the severity of the fear interferes with an individual’s normal functioning.…
Abnormality is deviating from what is considered the normal or usual behaviour as a society, normal is a statistical standard defined by what society are managing and what society considers socially acceptable or deviant or what the standard of adequate functioning meaning are they capable to cope with everyday life? There is a concept of ideal mental health this is a state of contentment we all strive to achieve. Abnormal behaviour can be understood by the biological and psychological models of abnormality these consider explanations to why people suffer with mental illness; mental illness is defined by a condition which causes serious disorder in a person’s behaviour or thinking, the…
Millions of Americans suffer from phobias and addictions. Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning are psychological processes in which a person learns. Webster defines a phobia is an irrational fear towards a situation, object or thing, which in turn becomes a strong desire to prevent or avoid it. Common phobias include claustrophobia a fear of tight and closed in spaces, necrophobia is a fear of dead things in general however it is used to describe the fear of corpses. People who suffer from these and other phobias go to extensive lengths to avoid these things in question, when a sufferer cannot avoid the situation they will become overwhelmed with anxiety during the encounter or said activity. Many people have phobias from traumatic experiences that have taken place at different points in their lives. Phobias can also be caused by life experiences. If someone experiences a traumatic house fire they can develop the unreasonable fear of fire. This occurs when similar conditions are displayed or fire is present in certain situations.…
Agoraphobia is the fear of experiencing anxiety or having a panic attack. Originally it was thought to be about the fear of open spaces and the public. It is caused by fearing no escape or help if an anxiety attack was to happen. The difference between agoraphobia and other specific phobias is that agoraphobia usually is developed after the person has already experienced a panic attack, and fears another one. People with agoraphobia may far being in a crowd, using public transport, being in open or closed spaces or leaving their home.…
Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder where you fear situations or places that may cause you to feel trapped or embarrassed. Those with agoraphobia actually avoid places where they may be in enclosed spaces or out in public. Their anxiety stems from having one or more panic attacks. Because of these attacks they avoid the place or…
| Difficulty breathing, low blood pressure and organ failure, rapid breathing, shortness of breath, listening to the chest with a stethoscope (auscultation) reveals abnormal breath sounds, such as crackles, which may be signs of fluid in the lungs. Often the blood pressure is low. Cyanosis (blue skin, lips, and nails caused by lack of oxygen to the tissues) is often seen. Other symptoms can occur, depending on the event that caused the ARDS. For example, if pneumonia is causing the ARDS, symptoms may also include chest pain and fever.…
Vaccinations were only first required in the United States 200 years ago. When Boston instituted a mandatory smallpox vaccination after an outbreak ravaged New England (Valldejuli 3). That is only 1/1000 the amount of time that humans have even existed. It is reasonable that over the years, humans have developed an evolutionary understanding to avoid sharp objects because they result in pain. The fear of needles, also known as, trypanophobia affects 10 percent of adults. Within ‘needle phobia’ are sub categories that point to the specific cause of anxiety in relation to needles. About 50% of trypanophobes suffer from vasovagal trypanophobia, which is where they often faint when thinking about, feeling or seeing needles. The next most common fear associated with needles stems from the fact that the individual has had a previous bad experience with needles and associates it to their current situation. This affects approximately 30% of trypanophobes and is refereed to as associative trypanophonia. Resistive trypanophobia affects roughly 20 percent and experienced restraint in a previous needle procedure. The least common type of trypanophobe is the…
It has been said that the focus of someone with anuptaphobia is change; finding the ideal partner may be far more important than other aspects of life, and remaining single is something to be feared at all costs. There are many phobias, but something about this one interested me. Anuptaphobia has two different parts. One of which is the person is afraid to get married, and the other is that person rushes into a relationship. The third point is the combination of the two parts put together.…
Whereas some studies have shown clear evidence for an augmentation effect of D-cycloserine (DCS) on exposure therapy for anxiety disorders, other studies have shown weak effects or no effect at all. Some preclinical data suggest that the DCS augmentation effect is moderated by the success of extinction learning. Therefore, we conducted a reanalysis of existing data to examine whether the effects of DCS on clinical outcome would vary as a function of response to the exposure session (i.e., exposure success).…
Phobias aren't just extreme fears. They are irrational fears of a particular thing. For instance, you may be able to ski the world's tallest mountains with ease but be unable to go above the 5th floor of an office building. (NIMH, 1995) Even though adults with phobias realize that these fears are irrational, they often find that facing or even thinking about the feared object or situation brings on a panic attack or severe anxiety. Affecting an estimated 6.3 million adult Americans(Lefton, L. A., 1997), phobias are twice as common in women as in men. The causes of specific phobias are not well understood, though there is some evidence that these phobias may run in families. Specific phobias usually first appear during childhood or adolescence and tend to persist into adulthood.…
There are 530 documented cases of phobias in the world today, and there are more than 5 percent of Americans that have diagnosed phobias.…
This reaction is a way to describe what people feel when they are suffering from a phobia. A phobia is an intense, ridiculous amount of fear of something or a situation that is far from what really could happen. Phobias affect people of all ages. The National Institute of Mental Health has stated that 5.1%-12.5% of all American's encounter some sort of phobia. They are the most common psychiatric illness among women of all ages and men over 25.…
Acrophobia is an irrational fear of heights or high places. Many people dislike heights, but someone with a clinical case of acrophobia can have intense emotional and physical responses at just the thought of being in a high place. Acrophobia is simply a severe fear of heights. Now being afraid of heights is a common and sometimes appropriate feeling. But the phobia part kicks in when you feel afraid in a safe environment such as inside a skyscraper. Acrophobia is treated with graded exposure therapy. (Horton, 2011) Fear of heights seems to have a simple physiological explanation, and there is a solution to it: Learn to rely more on your ears for balancing.…
In many cases, these phobias can become so severe that people avoid events, places, and…
Now, the word is called Aviophobia. Almost everyone has an irrational fear or two. But, when fears become so severe that they interfere with your normal life they are called phobias. If you have a phobia, you probably realize that your fear is unreasonable, yet you still can’t control your feelings. Just thinking about the feared object or situation may make you anxious. And when you’re actually exposed to the thing you fear, the terror is automatic and overwhelming.…