Barbiturates: Antibiotic
Generic name | Brand names | Common uses[2] | Possible side effects[2] | Mechanism of action | Aminoglycosides | Amikacin | Amikin | Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such asEscherichia coli and Klebsiellaparticularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against Aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) andtularemia. | * Hearing loss * Vertigo * Kidney damage | Binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit (some work by binding to the 50S subunit), inhibiting the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site and also causing misreading of mRNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. | Gentamicin | Garamycin | | | | Kanamycin | Kantrex | | | | Neomycin | Mycifradin | | | | Netilmicin | Netromycin | | | | Tobramycin | Nebcin | | | | Paromomycin | Humatin | | | | Ansamycins | Geldanamycin | | Experimental, as antitumor antibiotics | | | Herbimycin | | | | | Carbacephem | Loracarbef | Lorabid | Discontinued | | prevents bacterial cell division by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. | Carbapenems | Ertapenem | Invanz | Bactericidal for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms and therefore useful for empiric broad-spectrum antibacterial coverage. (Note MRSA resistance to this class.) | * Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea * Nausea * Seizures * Headache * Rash and allergic reactions | Inhibition of cell wall synthesis | Doripenem | Doribax | | | | Imipenem/Cilastatin | Primaxin | | | | Meropenem | Merrem | | | | Cephalosporins (First generation) | Cefadroxil | Duricef | Good coverage against Gram positive infections. | * Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea * Nausea (if alcohol taken concurrently) * Allergic reactions | Same mode of action as other beta-lactam antibiotics: disrupt the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. | Cefazolin | Ancef | | | | Cefalotin or