The aim of this essay is to investigate the two major theories trying to explain why do primates have large brains. Even since the seminar study of Jerison in 1973 it has been acknowledged that primate brains are unusually large for their body size. There are three main groups of theories giving more or less persuasive explanations of the evolution of large brains and high cognitive skills in primates. The first group is a group of social theories, postulating that primate cognition is a result of complex social interactions between individuals, and in this essay this group will be represented by the Social Brain Hypothesis proposed by British anthropologist Robin Dunbar. The second group encompasses the ecological theories that are based on a premise that primate intelligence originated from complex interactions with the environment. A “delegate” from this group in my discussion will be the Visual Specialisation Hypothesis introduced by Robert Barton (1998), who argues that primate encephalisation is connected to frugivorous diet and the need of advanced visual abilities. Finally, the Cultural Intelligence Hypothesis, which is a general name to multiple related views, proposes that large-brained primates possess “general intelligence” due to their great behavioural flexibility. This final theory will be included in the comparison just to offer an alternative view to the two mainly discussed theories above.…
From the moment humans were created to modern times, they made numerous physical and technological advancements. It started when the Australopithecines began displaying signs of bipedalism, freeing two arms for using tools and carrying food while walking at the same time. This was a significant physical change that the hominid species chose to make, as bipedalism was the gateway to hunting, farming, and harvesting. As time passed, the homo habilis began showing up. Their brain size was on a range between 550 and 687 cubic centimeters, whereas the Australopithecines had a brain size between 350 and 600 cubic centimeters, which meant that the homo habilis' brain capacity grew around 50%. This larger brain capacity led to the experimentation with…
and size evolving into a new and improved species. It was a slow, cumulative process, and at its end was man. Therefore, without the assistance of helpful extra terrestrial friends, ape-man would never had developed the dexterity to compete for life sustaining rations with rival species and would probably had…
Answer 2: Humans have large brains that have evolved over time. The large brain had developed enough that during the Great Ice Age, humans were able to find food and shelter. It also allowed humans to be able to create warm clothing. These skills were made possible by the large brain and intelligence that goes with it.…
According to Tomasello's (1999) evolutionary perspective, the central feature of human cognitive development that distinguishes humans from other primates is the ability to:…
The human brain is extremely hard to understand; however, there are people in the world dedicated to understanding it. A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness, written by Dr. Vilayanur S. Ramachandran covers many topics regarding the brain, one of the more thoroughly covered topics is how the human brain works. This leads to the question, are humans set apart from other life on earth because of their brains? Although there is not as much knowledge of animals brains, there are still many things that make humans different from other life on earth, among these are their language and the complexity of their brain and how it works.…
For a long time, the assumption was that humanity somehow came naturally as a byproduct of the thing that most obviously distinguishes us from chimpanzees, the preference for walking upright on two legs called bipedalism. The earliest humans could walk on two legs in a relatively inefficient manner, but bipedalism only became locked in as a human trait. Daniel E. Lieberman, a Harvard anthropologist, suggests that bipedalism developed as a means of saving energy. But that energy-efficient bipedalism, it turns out, did not automatically mean smarter, small-brained bipedal apes were around for rather a long time without making much mental progress.…
Homo Sapiens sapiens, a scientific term given to human species. They are called so because they are the only surviving species of genus Homo. Humans are also considered as a most intelligent and social species, who tend to live within their society and make their society a better place to live. By their physical and mental power they dominate almost every other species on the planet earth. In order to be dominant,they start killing other species and push most of them to extinction and left many in endanger. As they get tired of fighting with other species, they started to fighting within their people’s to get the highest rank and power in their own community. By doing so, they totally forgot about the real things that that they have with them…
Humans are animals, but they are very different than any other animals. Many things can prove us that humans are one of a kind, like their intelligence for example. Even though humans and animals have many activities in common (sleeping, eating, mating, and defending), human beings have a fifth faculty: the intelligence to inquire into the truth of our existence (Butler and Guru). The following text will explain why human beings should be considered unique and why they should be in a different category from all the other non-human animals.…
Cognitive psychology developed primarily from the inability of the behaviorist approach to fully explain every form of behavior. While there were many things that drove its development, there were four main milestones in the development of cognitive psychology: the inadequacies of behaviorism, the information processing model and computer metaphor, artificial intelligence, and neuroscience. Each of these four milestones contributed significantly to the search for a better model and the development of the cognitive approach, which we have today.…
A Day No Pigs Would Die is a story that Robert Peck wrote to show the reader his adolescent life, fate, and the journey from boyhood to manhood. Peck leads the reader through the intricate web of his youth, almost as though he were a stitching needle. The author makes sure not to miss a single stomach pumping detail, leaving the reader, well, not quite wanting more. As a young Shaker boy, Robert lived with his mother Lucy, father Haven, and his aunt carrie. The novel begins with a vivid scene in which he helps bring a calf into the world up on the ridge above their farm. The mother seemed to have been possessed…
``Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 years old…
Problems in Living, The growing number of problems in the modern world, Self Sufficiency, Social care Social control and Rehabilitation.…
What does it mean to be human? What makes who we are? What drives us? Could it be the desire of becoming better, faster, and stronger, perhaps? All throughout history, humans have been known to have advanced in their respective eras through planning and their own advancements in technology. Technology is one of the many things that people in the 21st century debate about, whether it’s good or bad, or even neutral. Why do so many disagree with the idea of becoming better through the advances in technology? The main the topic of becoming something more, something post-human, revolves around the “luddites” (artisans in the early nineteenth century who protested technology by destroying it) believe we’re “playing God.” What does it even mean to play God? Technology has taken us very far indeed, but we haven’t made anything so uncanny that will surely match God himself. If anything, we’ve been doing exactly what’s in our nature: grow, expand, nurture ourselves, and evolve. We can only do as much as the environment allows us; we only make what we can with what we have. The advances in technology today are just our own way of reaching another step in our evolutionary cycle, and we shall continue to move forward. We shall reach another step in human evolution, whether it’s mentally or physically; we know that we’ll be holding technology’s hand for now and forever more, because as it is, we’ve become dependent of it. Should we fear our future endeavors within the technological age? I’m ready to move up to a new level in my evolution, whether I’m wired in circuitry, a cyborg, or fully mechanical; it’s time to let go of those fears, of those demons holding us back. Our limits are only set by our own standards, our own hands, so if we keep moving forward, then our limit is not what the kind of humans we’re now, but ‘transhumanism.’…
What does make you a grown-up? Is it moving out of the house? Hitting a certain age? Having a relationship? Getting a job? How is it that we can do those things, that we consider to be “adult”, but we still feel like kids? Or that we feel like grown-ups, we're certainly old enough, but we haven't seemed to have accomplished any of those things “grown-ups” have done?…