Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation Research
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
1
Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation as a Therapeutic Process
A Research Paper Presented to Mr. Edward Jay M. Quinto Mapύa Institute of Technology
in partial fulfillment of the requirements in English for Academic Purposes 2 (ENG11)
by Randel Boris V. de Ocampo Keith Anshilo L. Diaz Atria Gienah M. Espina Areej J. Fransisco
March 2013
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
2
Acknowledgements
Behind
all
the
efforts
and
sacrifices
exerted
by
the
researchers throughout the term, there are individuals who always have served as inspirations that kept them on striving to be passionate and determined in every endeavor that …show more content…
they have taken; had it not been for the support of the following individuals, this task would never have been established: Their parents for their unceasing love that have motivated them to never give up in the struggles that they have faced; Dr. Paul Pasco for accommodating their interview request; Mr. Edward Jay M. Quinto for the versatility and prowess as an instructor and for the words of motivation that have left a mark on the heart and mind of the researchers; Ultimately, the greatest mentor, the Almighty God for all the gifts that he has bestowed upon them and for leading them not to the path of darkness but rather to the path of righteousness. R.B.V.D.O. K.A.L.D. A.G.M.E. A.J.F
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
3
Abstract
This research, Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation as a Therapeutic Process goaled to assess the therapeutic effects of binaural beat brainwave stimulation to brain-function related disorders. This focused on the definition of binaural beat, the theories, the effects on brain function, and the evaluation of the effectiveness as a therapy of binaural beat brainwave stimulation. Binaural beat is a resultant auditory tone produced by the existence of two different sound frequencies perceived in each side of the ear. Binaural beat influences the brainwave activity depending on the frequency that it carries. One of the effects of binaural beat to brain is the relaxation effect which is essential for treating psychological and sleeping
disorders. However, the effectiveness of binaural beat is still considered as a medical theory despite the many claims. The
researchers’ analysis were based from the gathered print and nonprint materials have and from an interview that with an expert. The
researchers
concluded
binaural
beat
brainwave
stimulation is an effective therapeutic process. The researchers recommend that further studies must be conducted in order to prove its effectiveness as therapeutic process, and thereafter, be
proven clinically acceptable.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
4
The brain, when exposed to two different sound frequencies, is drawn to an altered state and produces a third beat called binaural beat (Lind-Kyle, 2009). This phenomenon is achieved when external frequencies presented to the ears are of minimal
difference preferably 35Hz below. Binaural beat, as discussed by Wahbeh (2006), is an auditory brainstem response that is processed by the superior olivary nucleus of the brain. It is the synthesis between two different
sound frequencies that are heard in each side of the ear. In addition, the frequency of the binaural beat is determined by the difference of the perceived sound frequencies. For example, if the right ear receives a pure tone of 110 Hz and the left ear with 100 Hz, then the third beat (binaural beat) which will be produced by the brain will have a frequency of 10Hz. In order to produce the binaural beat, the brain exhibits sound localization that produces low-frequency pulsations which are indicative of the internaural time differences in both sides of the ears. Research on the binaural beat phenomenon was pioneered by a Prussian physicist Heinrich Wilhelm Dove in 1839. However, his research was not popularized and has remained to be a mere
hypothesis in neuroscience. Until in 1973, 134 years after Dove’s, a research conducted by biophysicist Gerald Oster, supported the
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
5
existence of the third beat which he studied simultaneously with a new idea he called the frequency following response. This discovery stated that when the brain is introduced with a binaural beat, it will begin resonating in tune with the frequency it bears (Keeley, 2006). In other words, the brainwaves tend to jive with the frequency of the binaural beat present in the brain. For instance, when a 10Hz binaural beat is produced in the brain, the brain will be drawn to yield an alpha brainwave (7Hz-12Hz) which is indicative of relaxation and deep meditation. Similarly, Wahbeh (2006) stated that binaural beat has the ability to entrain the listener’s brainwave activity to the stimuli beat frequency. This means that binaural beat has a potential external effect on the brain functionality depending on its
frequency, and thus has an effect also in one’s brain state and brain performance. The fact that binaural beat has effects on the brain state particularly in promoting relaxation sprouts an idea that this could be a possible treatment to different brain-function-related disorders. This very idea caught the attention of the researchers to seek knowledge on the effectiveness of binaural beat as a
therapeutic process.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
6
This study is deemed to evaluate the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as a therapeutic process
especially in treating psychological and sleep related disorders. Moreover, this study focused on the following queries: 1. What is a binaural beat? 2. What are the existing theoretical underpinnings of
binaural beat brainwave stimulation? 3. What are the effects of listening to binaural beat to brain function? 4. How does binaural beat aid sleeping and psychological disorders? 5. How effective is binaural beat brainwave stimulation as a therapeutic process? In this connection, this study is believed to be helpful in opening new knowledge to the readers and in giving them appropriate information about binaural beat which could make them try or consider binaural beat brainwave stimulation as an approach in alleviating sleeping and psychological disorders. Lastly, with all the aforesaid related theories, the
researchers assert that binaural beat brainwave stimulation is an effective therapeutic process.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
7
Theoretical Underpinnings The binaural beat brainwave stimulation is based on a principle that rhythmic sounds with carefully selected rhythmic patterns and frequencies come into resonance with natural brain rhythms – brainwaves, and by resonating will actually enhance or suppress them. This allows to selectively bring the mind into specific mental states by stimulating different brain waves (“Cure Anxiety Panic,” 2006). This idea is relative to the frequency following response which is introduced earlier. This theory, in detail, states that when the mind is exposed to a particular sound (stimulating sound), it tends to respond parallel to the waveform of the sound (Kelley, 2006). In other words, the sound which has entered and has been produced in the brain has its direct and indirect effect on the state of consciousness and on the physiology of the body. Relatively, according to Goodin (2012), binaural beats perception leads to an effect to psychological aspects depending on the frequency it produces, which is basically in line with the theory of the latter. Alpha, theta, delta and beta are the frequency levels which binaural beat can produce. Amongst all, alpha-frequency is the commonest frequency which is associated with relaxed brainwave
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
8
activity (personal communication with Dr. Paul Pasco, February 14, 2013). It has waves that range from 7Hz to 12 Hz. This kind of wave is usually generated in the right side of the brain or in a synchronized pattern between both left and right side of brain. Increasing of one’s brain alpha-frequency can lead to relaxation of mind, balancing of the mood and improving the way of thinking. Meanwhile, delta-waves, which has very slow pattern, can lead to a dreamless sleep and theta-waves to a sleep with dream. These two beats can also lead to deep relaxation of mind and calming of the body. Meanwhile, in beta, binaural beat influences the mind through increasing brain function, thus helpful in problem solving and in studying.
To cut it short, as the theories imply, binaural beat at different frequencies has various effects in one’s brain function. It may help one to perform better through increasing brain and cognitive performance or may help in decreasing brain function; thus aiding in reaching a relaxed state of mind and body. These effects usually happen through a process called binaural beat brainwave stimulation. Effects of Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation on Brain Function Binaural beat brainwave stimulation pertains to a process in which the brain is influenced by the binaural beat. When the brain receives binaural beat which has low-frequency pulsations,
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
9
the brain triggers a promotion on a certain type of brainwave activity. Brainwave activity, as introduced in the previous pages, has connections with the brain function. In line with this, in her book, Heal your Mind, Rewire your Brain, Lind-Kyle (2009) said that binaural beat either relaxes or stimulates the mind. She further stated: “The benefit of the thirdbeat (binaural beat) enhances your ability to move into each brain wave meditation more easily and deeply.” With those light, therefore, binaural beat brainwave
stimulation affects brain function in different ways. For instance, in a research conducted by Lane et al. (2000) about binaural auditory stimuli, she has concluded that a 30minute vigilance task using binaural beat can affect the task performance itself. Changes in a person’s mood was seen as the process continued. Thus, the process of using binaural can be allied with the improvement of one’s cognitive performance,
alertness, and vigilance. This phenomenon was explained by the study conducted by Lips et al. (2011). According to the findings of the study, the improvement of one’s vigilance and cognitive performance was due to the alteration of binaural beat in ones state of mind. Moreover, the statistical results showed that there was an increase in the
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
10
rate
of
Alpha,
Delta
and
Theta
brainwave
activity
which
is
scientifically a good sign of a healthy functioning of the brain. Another, in a study made by Othmer in 2001, the usage of binaural auditory stimulation was found out to show an increase of 23% in the average IQ of a person. Othmer reported that there was an average IQ increase of 33 points in cases where the IQ was lower than 100. Moreover, Othmer had also observed dramatic improvements in visual retention, reading and arithmetic. In contrast with the latter study, Goodin et al. (2012) made verification about the findings. He observed that, according to the results, there was a slight decrease in the memory recall performance after binaural beat brainwave stimulation was done. However, the study was done in an uncontrolled manner. Binaural beat brainwave stimulation contributes to the improvement of mood and emotional management. As stated by Wahbeh et al. (2006), during binaural beat brainwave stimulation, change in one’s psychological state is observed. Abnormal mood changes are usually caused by the insufficient level of neurotransmitters in the brain. Binaural beat stimulates Serotonin which is
responsible for moods and emotional states. For such reason, binaural beat triggers the formation of Reticula that causes the change in mood and consciousness.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
11
As
noticed
from
the
given
information,
binaural
beat
through promoting relaxation and deep meditation in alpha, theta and delta frequencies has therapeutic effects to the mind and, apparently, to the body. Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation as a Therapeutic Process A therapeutic process is a certain kind of activity in which a specific disorder or impairment is deemed to undergo procedures of treatment. Examples of a therapeutic process are relaxation techniques, stress debriefing and etc. (Seligman, 2007). These particular processes can also be associated with binaural beat (at alpha, delta and theta). Binaural beat is associated with hypnotic effect and thus helpful for easier sleeping (Unson-Price, 2012). This hypnotic effect of the binaural beat, however, is yet to be proven. But, certain studies attempted to redefine hypnotic effect into
something which is similar - the relaxation effect. In an interview conducted, Dr. P. Pasco said that Alpha brainwave activity is indicative of brain relaxation. And, brain relaxation helps in improving sleep patterns and minor
psychological defects as well (Personal Communication, February 14, 2013). Basic logic dictates that since binaural beat at alphafrequency promotes brain relaxation and brain relaxation is
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
12
therapeutic,
therefore
binaural
beat
at
alpha-frequency
is
therapeutic as well. Furthermore, as discussed by Wahbeh et al. (2006), the intervention of Binaural beat brainwave stimulation has the
probability to treat different psychological defects specifically stress, depression and anxiety. This phenomenon was due to the brain synchrony generated by binaural beat brainwave stimulation. This was supported by the follow-up study conducted by Wahbeh and Calabrese in 2007. In the study, they have concluded that there was a significant reduction in their respondent’s anxiety score. It implies that binaural beat brainwave stimulation gives an effective therapeutic effect in order to alleviate symptoms of anxiety that may lead to higher psychological disorders. Similarly, Lind-Kyle (2009) stated that the benefit of the third beat (binaural beat) is that it enhances one’s ability to cope up with stress and depression since it promotes deep
meditation and consciousness. In addition, binaural beat helps in relaxing the body and in reducing thoughts, anxieties and stress. On the other hand, binaural beat brainwave stimulation also has its usage limitation. To emphasize, people who suffer from schizophrenia cannot use binaural beat brainwave stimulation. The mind of a schizophrenic person will get stressed and exhibit
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
13
adverse reactions because of the complex signals that are received in their brain. Summing up, binaural beat brainwave stimulation seems to be an aide to sleeping disorders since it gives a relaxing effect to the brain which causes the improvement of sleep patterns. Also, binaural beat brainwave stimulation seems to remedy psychological disorders as well, inasmuch as it prevents and alleviates anxiety, stress and depression which are the common symptoms of having psychological disorders. However, though many are claiming that binaural has
therapeutic effects particularly by relaxing the mind, still, these effects were not clinically acceptable. Effectiveness of Binaural Beat as a Treatment Generally, even if the therapeutic effects of binaural beat are still theories in the medical field, the mere fact that many organizations, companies and research are asserting that these effects do exist, leads to a clue that binaural beat brainwave stimulation can really provide an effective therapy. Different research on the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as therapeutic process had found various significant and dramatic changes in the brain function of a person who has undergone the binaural beat brainwave stimulation. As a matter of fact, a pilot study of delta binaural beat over 60 days show positive effects on self-reported psychological measures,
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
14
especially Margaret
anxiety.
Also, and
according Capel of
to
research Marie
made Curie
by
Dr.
Patterson
Dr.
the
Cancer
Foundation
Research
Department,
binaural
beat
brainwave
stimulation has proven to show positive effects in so far as treating sleeping and psychological disorders. To prove further, Seligman (2007), in her book Selecting Effective Treatments, included relaxation techniques and certain stress management styles as effective treatments that works well for anxiety disorder (a She form also of psychological that disorder) and
sleeping
disorders.
stated
thought-stopping
techniques (deep meditation) are effective in so far as treating insomnia (a sleeping disorder). Since binaural beat at alphafrequency was proven to promote relaxation, therefore it can be considered as a relaxation technique and a stress management style and since at theta-frequency it can promote deep meditation, therefore it may be considered as a thought-stopping technique. Analyzing the concepts presented above leads to the idea that binaural beat is an effective treatment for sleeping and
psychological disorders. Brainwave entertainment through binaural beat alters one’s state of mind. And, this alteration of the mind by the binaural beat can actually bring about therapeutic effects. In fact, many organizations believe that due to brainwave entertainment, overall health is improved and pain and anxiety are reduced (Lips, 2011).
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
15
In addition, listening classical music which like binaural beat can promote alpha-brainwave activity is considered to be an approach in treating such psychological and sleeping disorders (personal communication with Dr. P. Pasco, February 14, 2013). Moreover, when asked to rate the effects of listening to classical music (related to binaural beat) in so far as relieving stress, Dr. Pasco has rated it as very effective (range from 1-5, 5 as the highest). With this, since classical music and binaural beat are relative in so far as calming the mind and inducing sleep,
therefore it can be drawn, again, that binaural beat is also an effective tool for treating psychological and sleeping disorders. These affirmations, theories and prior studies gave light into knowing the effectiveness of using binaural beat as a
therapeutic process. Evidently, all of them have emphasized that binaural beat brainwave stimulation, indeed, gives healing effects and that these effects are actually effective in treating brainfunction-related disorders.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
16
This study primarily aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as it provided information on how binaural beat can be of cure to different brain-function related disorders particularly psychological and sleeping
disorders. Binaural beat is a special type of auditory artifact which is essentially in yielded side by of two the different ear. sound frequencies brainwave
perceived
each
Binaural
beat
stimulation has been proven to have therapeutic effects since it relaxes the mind; thus, preventing the usual causes of brainfunction related disorders. Binaural beat, at certain frequencies, entertains the brainwave in various ways; therefore, it affects the brain function. Specifically, binaural beat brainwave
stimulation can trigger dramatic improvement to one’s cognitive performance, visual retention and emotional management. The
relaxation effect, associated to binaural beat, can help induce sleep and calm the mind which is vital insofar as treating
psychological and sleeping defects. A lot of studies have concluded the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as an alternative approach in relieving such deficiencies; however, the effects provided in the studies are not yet clinically accepted. In the duration of the study, the researchers have found out that binaural beat brainwave stimulation provides therapeutic
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
17
influences
as
it
helps
prevent
the
different
causes
of
psychological and sleeping disorders. In general, the effects of binaural beat brainwave
stimulation to brain function is a tricky topic. Decade old studies about it entails how it happened, and how it is to be best facilitated, still rage in academic circles. For that reason, further research must be conducted and must yield a certain result that will satisfy the scientific curiosity about this matter. Particularly, future researchers must design intense and
controlled research so as to make their findings more clinically acceptable and be put into medical practice.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
18
References Cure Anxiety Panic (2006).
Sound Theraphy, Music Theraphy and Binaural Beat. Retrieved February 25 2013, from http://cureanxietypanic.com/treatment/sound-therapy-musictherapy-and-binaural-beats Goodin P. et. Al (2012). A High Density EEG investigation into steady-state Binaural Beat Stimulation. Retrieved February 06, 2013 from EBSCO database. Keeley, P.S (2006). Stress Proof your Life. Pennsylvania, USA: Infinity Publishing Co. Lane D. et al. (2000), Binaural Auditory Beats Affect Vigilance Performance and Mood: Retrieved: February 10, 2013, from: http://prosopopeia.sics.se/style/pdf/binauralbeats.pdf Lind-Kyle, P. (2009). Heal your mind, Rewire your Brain: Applying the Exciting New Science of Brain Synchrony for creativity, Peace and Presence. Sta. Rosa, California: Energy Psychology Press. Lips D. et. Al(2011). The Influence of Binaural Beat on Brainwave Activity. Retrieved February 06, 2013 from http://staff.science.uva.nl/~ghebreab/ICC2011/Kappa.pdf. Malipot, L. H (10 August 2009). Merry Melodies. Manila Bulletin. H-1. McGraw-Hill, (2003). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms – 6th edition. USA : The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Price, A.V (13 November 2012). Relaxing Melodies. Manila Bulletin, C-2. Seligman L. (2007). Selecting Effective Treatments: A Comprehensive, Systematic Guide to Treating Mental Disorders 3rd ed. USA: John Wiley and sons,
Inc.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
19
Wahbeh, H. et al. (2006). Binaural Beat Technology in Humans: A Pilot study to Asses Neuropsychologic, Physiologic and Electroencephalographical Effects. Retrieved: February 06, 2013 from EBSCO database: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh& AN=2009557598site=eds-live . Wahbeh, H. et al. (2006). Binaural Beat Technology in Humans: A Pilot study to Asses Psychologic and Physiologic Effects. Retrieved: February 06, 2013 from EBSCO database: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&A N=2009547688site=eds-live.
1
Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation as a Therapeutic Process
A Research Paper Presented to Mr. Edward Jay M. Quinto Mapύa Institute of Technology
in partial fulfillment of the requirements in English for Academic Purposes 2 (ENG11)
by Randel Boris V. de Ocampo Keith Anshilo L. Diaz Atria Gienah M. Espina Areej J. Fransisco
March 2013
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
2
Acknowledgements
Behind
all
the
efforts
and
sacrifices
exerted
by
the
researchers throughout the term, there are individuals who always have served as inspirations that kept them on striving to be passionate and determined in every endeavor that …show more content…
they have taken; had it not been for the support of the following individuals, this task would never have been established: Their parents for their unceasing love that have motivated them to never give up in the struggles that they have faced; Dr. Paul Pasco for accommodating their interview request; Mr. Edward Jay M. Quinto for the versatility and prowess as an instructor and for the words of motivation that have left a mark on the heart and mind of the researchers; Ultimately, the greatest mentor, the Almighty God for all the gifts that he has bestowed upon them and for leading them not to the path of darkness but rather to the path of righteousness. R.B.V.D.O. K.A.L.D. A.G.M.E. A.J.F
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
3
Abstract
This research, Evaluation on the Effectiveness of Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation as a Therapeutic Process goaled to assess the therapeutic effects of binaural beat brainwave stimulation to brain-function related disorders. This focused on the definition of binaural beat, the theories, the effects on brain function, and the evaluation of the effectiveness as a therapy of binaural beat brainwave stimulation. Binaural beat is a resultant auditory tone produced by the existence of two different sound frequencies perceived in each side of the ear. Binaural beat influences the brainwave activity depending on the frequency that it carries. One of the effects of binaural beat to brain is the relaxation effect which is essential for treating psychological and sleeping
disorders. However, the effectiveness of binaural beat is still considered as a medical theory despite the many claims. The
researchers’ analysis were based from the gathered print and nonprint materials have and from an interview that with an expert. The
researchers
concluded
binaural
beat
brainwave
stimulation is an effective therapeutic process. The researchers recommend that further studies must be conducted in order to prove its effectiveness as therapeutic process, and thereafter, be
proven clinically acceptable.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
4
The brain, when exposed to two different sound frequencies, is drawn to an altered state and produces a third beat called binaural beat (Lind-Kyle, 2009). This phenomenon is achieved when external frequencies presented to the ears are of minimal
difference preferably 35Hz below. Binaural beat, as discussed by Wahbeh (2006), is an auditory brainstem response that is processed by the superior olivary nucleus of the brain. It is the synthesis between two different
sound frequencies that are heard in each side of the ear. In addition, the frequency of the binaural beat is determined by the difference of the perceived sound frequencies. For example, if the right ear receives a pure tone of 110 Hz and the left ear with 100 Hz, then the third beat (binaural beat) which will be produced by the brain will have a frequency of 10Hz. In order to produce the binaural beat, the brain exhibits sound localization that produces low-frequency pulsations which are indicative of the internaural time differences in both sides of the ears. Research on the binaural beat phenomenon was pioneered by a Prussian physicist Heinrich Wilhelm Dove in 1839. However, his research was not popularized and has remained to be a mere
hypothesis in neuroscience. Until in 1973, 134 years after Dove’s, a research conducted by biophysicist Gerald Oster, supported the
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
5
existence of the third beat which he studied simultaneously with a new idea he called the frequency following response. This discovery stated that when the brain is introduced with a binaural beat, it will begin resonating in tune with the frequency it bears (Keeley, 2006). In other words, the brainwaves tend to jive with the frequency of the binaural beat present in the brain. For instance, when a 10Hz binaural beat is produced in the brain, the brain will be drawn to yield an alpha brainwave (7Hz-12Hz) which is indicative of relaxation and deep meditation. Similarly, Wahbeh (2006) stated that binaural beat has the ability to entrain the listener’s brainwave activity to the stimuli beat frequency. This means that binaural beat has a potential external effect on the brain functionality depending on its
frequency, and thus has an effect also in one’s brain state and brain performance. The fact that binaural beat has effects on the brain state particularly in promoting relaxation sprouts an idea that this could be a possible treatment to different brain-function-related disorders. This very idea caught the attention of the researchers to seek knowledge on the effectiveness of binaural beat as a
therapeutic process.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
6
This study is deemed to evaluate the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as a therapeutic process
especially in treating psychological and sleep related disorders. Moreover, this study focused on the following queries: 1. What is a binaural beat? 2. What are the existing theoretical underpinnings of
binaural beat brainwave stimulation? 3. What are the effects of listening to binaural beat to brain function? 4. How does binaural beat aid sleeping and psychological disorders? 5. How effective is binaural beat brainwave stimulation as a therapeutic process? In this connection, this study is believed to be helpful in opening new knowledge to the readers and in giving them appropriate information about binaural beat which could make them try or consider binaural beat brainwave stimulation as an approach in alleviating sleeping and psychological disorders. Lastly, with all the aforesaid related theories, the
researchers assert that binaural beat brainwave stimulation is an effective therapeutic process.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
7
Theoretical Underpinnings The binaural beat brainwave stimulation is based on a principle that rhythmic sounds with carefully selected rhythmic patterns and frequencies come into resonance with natural brain rhythms – brainwaves, and by resonating will actually enhance or suppress them. This allows to selectively bring the mind into specific mental states by stimulating different brain waves (“Cure Anxiety Panic,” 2006). This idea is relative to the frequency following response which is introduced earlier. This theory, in detail, states that when the mind is exposed to a particular sound (stimulating sound), it tends to respond parallel to the waveform of the sound (Kelley, 2006). In other words, the sound which has entered and has been produced in the brain has its direct and indirect effect on the state of consciousness and on the physiology of the body. Relatively, according to Goodin (2012), binaural beats perception leads to an effect to psychological aspects depending on the frequency it produces, which is basically in line with the theory of the latter. Alpha, theta, delta and beta are the frequency levels which binaural beat can produce. Amongst all, alpha-frequency is the commonest frequency which is associated with relaxed brainwave
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
8
activity (personal communication with Dr. Paul Pasco, February 14, 2013). It has waves that range from 7Hz to 12 Hz. This kind of wave is usually generated in the right side of the brain or in a synchronized pattern between both left and right side of brain. Increasing of one’s brain alpha-frequency can lead to relaxation of mind, balancing of the mood and improving the way of thinking. Meanwhile, delta-waves, which has very slow pattern, can lead to a dreamless sleep and theta-waves to a sleep with dream. These two beats can also lead to deep relaxation of mind and calming of the body. Meanwhile, in beta, binaural beat influences the mind through increasing brain function, thus helpful in problem solving and in studying.
To cut it short, as the theories imply, binaural beat at different frequencies has various effects in one’s brain function. It may help one to perform better through increasing brain and cognitive performance or may help in decreasing brain function; thus aiding in reaching a relaxed state of mind and body. These effects usually happen through a process called binaural beat brainwave stimulation. Effects of Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation on Brain Function Binaural beat brainwave stimulation pertains to a process in which the brain is influenced by the binaural beat. When the brain receives binaural beat which has low-frequency pulsations,
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
9
the brain triggers a promotion on a certain type of brainwave activity. Brainwave activity, as introduced in the previous pages, has connections with the brain function. In line with this, in her book, Heal your Mind, Rewire your Brain, Lind-Kyle (2009) said that binaural beat either relaxes or stimulates the mind. She further stated: “The benefit of the thirdbeat (binaural beat) enhances your ability to move into each brain wave meditation more easily and deeply.” With those light, therefore, binaural beat brainwave
stimulation affects brain function in different ways. For instance, in a research conducted by Lane et al. (2000) about binaural auditory stimuli, she has concluded that a 30minute vigilance task using binaural beat can affect the task performance itself. Changes in a person’s mood was seen as the process continued. Thus, the process of using binaural can be allied with the improvement of one’s cognitive performance,
alertness, and vigilance. This phenomenon was explained by the study conducted by Lips et al. (2011). According to the findings of the study, the improvement of one’s vigilance and cognitive performance was due to the alteration of binaural beat in ones state of mind. Moreover, the statistical results showed that there was an increase in the
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
10
rate
of
Alpha,
Delta
and
Theta
brainwave
activity
which
is
scientifically a good sign of a healthy functioning of the brain. Another, in a study made by Othmer in 2001, the usage of binaural auditory stimulation was found out to show an increase of 23% in the average IQ of a person. Othmer reported that there was an average IQ increase of 33 points in cases where the IQ was lower than 100. Moreover, Othmer had also observed dramatic improvements in visual retention, reading and arithmetic. In contrast with the latter study, Goodin et al. (2012) made verification about the findings. He observed that, according to the results, there was a slight decrease in the memory recall performance after binaural beat brainwave stimulation was done. However, the study was done in an uncontrolled manner. Binaural beat brainwave stimulation contributes to the improvement of mood and emotional management. As stated by Wahbeh et al. (2006), during binaural beat brainwave stimulation, change in one’s psychological state is observed. Abnormal mood changes are usually caused by the insufficient level of neurotransmitters in the brain. Binaural beat stimulates Serotonin which is
responsible for moods and emotional states. For such reason, binaural beat triggers the formation of Reticula that causes the change in mood and consciousness.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
11
As
noticed
from
the
given
information,
binaural
beat
through promoting relaxation and deep meditation in alpha, theta and delta frequencies has therapeutic effects to the mind and, apparently, to the body. Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation as a Therapeutic Process A therapeutic process is a certain kind of activity in which a specific disorder or impairment is deemed to undergo procedures of treatment. Examples of a therapeutic process are relaxation techniques, stress debriefing and etc. (Seligman, 2007). These particular processes can also be associated with binaural beat (at alpha, delta and theta). Binaural beat is associated with hypnotic effect and thus helpful for easier sleeping (Unson-Price, 2012). This hypnotic effect of the binaural beat, however, is yet to be proven. But, certain studies attempted to redefine hypnotic effect into
something which is similar - the relaxation effect. In an interview conducted, Dr. P. Pasco said that Alpha brainwave activity is indicative of brain relaxation. And, brain relaxation helps in improving sleep patterns and minor
psychological defects as well (Personal Communication, February 14, 2013). Basic logic dictates that since binaural beat at alphafrequency promotes brain relaxation and brain relaxation is
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
12
therapeutic,
therefore
binaural
beat
at
alpha-frequency
is
therapeutic as well. Furthermore, as discussed by Wahbeh et al. (2006), the intervention of Binaural beat brainwave stimulation has the
probability to treat different psychological defects specifically stress, depression and anxiety. This phenomenon was due to the brain synchrony generated by binaural beat brainwave stimulation. This was supported by the follow-up study conducted by Wahbeh and Calabrese in 2007. In the study, they have concluded that there was a significant reduction in their respondent’s anxiety score. It implies that binaural beat brainwave stimulation gives an effective therapeutic effect in order to alleviate symptoms of anxiety that may lead to higher psychological disorders. Similarly, Lind-Kyle (2009) stated that the benefit of the third beat (binaural beat) is that it enhances one’s ability to cope up with stress and depression since it promotes deep
meditation and consciousness. In addition, binaural beat helps in relaxing the body and in reducing thoughts, anxieties and stress. On the other hand, binaural beat brainwave stimulation also has its usage limitation. To emphasize, people who suffer from schizophrenia cannot use binaural beat brainwave stimulation. The mind of a schizophrenic person will get stressed and exhibit
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
13
adverse reactions because of the complex signals that are received in their brain. Summing up, binaural beat brainwave stimulation seems to be an aide to sleeping disorders since it gives a relaxing effect to the brain which causes the improvement of sleep patterns. Also, binaural beat brainwave stimulation seems to remedy psychological disorders as well, inasmuch as it prevents and alleviates anxiety, stress and depression which are the common symptoms of having psychological disorders. However, though many are claiming that binaural has
therapeutic effects particularly by relaxing the mind, still, these effects were not clinically acceptable. Effectiveness of Binaural Beat as a Treatment Generally, even if the therapeutic effects of binaural beat are still theories in the medical field, the mere fact that many organizations, companies and research are asserting that these effects do exist, leads to a clue that binaural beat brainwave stimulation can really provide an effective therapy. Different research on the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as therapeutic process had found various significant and dramatic changes in the brain function of a person who has undergone the binaural beat brainwave stimulation. As a matter of fact, a pilot study of delta binaural beat over 60 days show positive effects on self-reported psychological measures,
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
14
especially Margaret
anxiety.
Also, and
according Capel of
to
research Marie
made Curie
by
Dr.
Patterson
Dr.
the
Cancer
Foundation
Research
Department,
binaural
beat
brainwave
stimulation has proven to show positive effects in so far as treating sleeping and psychological disorders. To prove further, Seligman (2007), in her book Selecting Effective Treatments, included relaxation techniques and certain stress management styles as effective treatments that works well for anxiety disorder (a She form also of psychological that disorder) and
sleeping
disorders.
stated
thought-stopping
techniques (deep meditation) are effective in so far as treating insomnia (a sleeping disorder). Since binaural beat at alphafrequency was proven to promote relaxation, therefore it can be considered as a relaxation technique and a stress management style and since at theta-frequency it can promote deep meditation, therefore it may be considered as a thought-stopping technique. Analyzing the concepts presented above leads to the idea that binaural beat is an effective treatment for sleeping and
psychological disorders. Brainwave entertainment through binaural beat alters one’s state of mind. And, this alteration of the mind by the binaural beat can actually bring about therapeutic effects. In fact, many organizations believe that due to brainwave entertainment, overall health is improved and pain and anxiety are reduced (Lips, 2011).
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
15
In addition, listening classical music which like binaural beat can promote alpha-brainwave activity is considered to be an approach in treating such psychological and sleeping disorders (personal communication with Dr. P. Pasco, February 14, 2013). Moreover, when asked to rate the effects of listening to classical music (related to binaural beat) in so far as relieving stress, Dr. Pasco has rated it as very effective (range from 1-5, 5 as the highest). With this, since classical music and binaural beat are relative in so far as calming the mind and inducing sleep,
therefore it can be drawn, again, that binaural beat is also an effective tool for treating psychological and sleeping disorders. These affirmations, theories and prior studies gave light into knowing the effectiveness of using binaural beat as a
therapeutic process. Evidently, all of them have emphasized that binaural beat brainwave stimulation, indeed, gives healing effects and that these effects are actually effective in treating brainfunction-related disorders.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
16
This study primarily aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as it provided information on how binaural beat can be of cure to different brain-function related disorders particularly psychological and sleeping
disorders. Binaural beat is a special type of auditory artifact which is essentially in yielded side by of two the different ear. sound frequencies brainwave
perceived
each
Binaural
beat
stimulation has been proven to have therapeutic effects since it relaxes the mind; thus, preventing the usual causes of brainfunction related disorders. Binaural beat, at certain frequencies, entertains the brainwave in various ways; therefore, it affects the brain function. Specifically, binaural beat brainwave
stimulation can trigger dramatic improvement to one’s cognitive performance, visual retention and emotional management. The
relaxation effect, associated to binaural beat, can help induce sleep and calm the mind which is vital insofar as treating
psychological and sleeping defects. A lot of studies have concluded the effectiveness of binaural beat brainwave stimulation as an alternative approach in relieving such deficiencies; however, the effects provided in the studies are not yet clinically accepted. In the duration of the study, the researchers have found out that binaural beat brainwave stimulation provides therapeutic
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
17
influences
as
it
helps
prevent
the
different
causes
of
psychological and sleeping disorders. In general, the effects of binaural beat brainwave
stimulation to brain function is a tricky topic. Decade old studies about it entails how it happened, and how it is to be best facilitated, still rage in academic circles. For that reason, further research must be conducted and must yield a certain result that will satisfy the scientific curiosity about this matter. Particularly, future researchers must design intense and
controlled research so as to make their findings more clinically acceptable and be put into medical practice.
Binaural Beat Brainwave Stimulation
18
References Cure Anxiety Panic (2006).
Sound Theraphy, Music Theraphy and Binaural Beat. Retrieved February 25 2013, from http://cureanxietypanic.com/treatment/sound-therapy-musictherapy-and-binaural-beats Goodin P. et. Al (2012). A High Density EEG investigation into steady-state Binaural Beat Stimulation. Retrieved February 06, 2013 from EBSCO database. Keeley, P.S (2006). Stress Proof your Life. Pennsylvania, USA: Infinity Publishing Co. Lane D. et al. (2000), Binaural Auditory Beats Affect Vigilance Performance and Mood: Retrieved: February 10, 2013, from: http://prosopopeia.sics.se/style/pdf/binauralbeats.pdf Lind-Kyle, P. (2009). Heal your mind, Rewire your Brain: Applying the Exciting New Science of Brain Synchrony for creativity, Peace and Presence. Sta. Rosa, California: Energy Psychology Press. Lips D. et. Al(2011). The Influence of Binaural Beat on Brainwave Activity. Retrieved February 06, 2013 from http://staff.science.uva.nl/~ghebreab/ICC2011/Kappa.pdf. Malipot, L. H (10 August 2009). Merry Melodies. Manila Bulletin. H-1. McGraw-Hill, (2003). McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms – 6th edition. USA : The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Price, A.V (13 November 2012). Relaxing Melodies. Manila Bulletin, C-2. Seligman L. (2007). Selecting Effective Treatments: A Comprehensive, Systematic Guide to Treating Mental Disorders 3rd ed. USA: John Wiley and sons,
Inc.
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Wahbeh, H. et al. (2006). Binaural Beat Technology in Humans: A Pilot study to Asses Neuropsychologic, Physiologic and Electroencephalographical Effects. Retrieved: February 06, 2013 from EBSCO database: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh& AN=2009557598site=eds-live . Wahbeh, H. et al. (2006). Binaural Beat Technology in Humans: A Pilot study to Asses Psychologic and Physiologic Effects. Retrieved: February 06, 2013 from EBSCO database: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&A N=2009547688site=eds-live.