Biogas as a Substitute for Fuel
INDEX
Sr.no
Topic
Page No
1
INTRODUCTION
4
2
PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT FUELS
8
3
BIOGAS
14
4
PROBLEM STATEMENT
19
5
OBJECTIVE
21
6
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
23
7
FACTOR AFFECTING BIOGAS PRODUCTION
29
8
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
32
9
PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
34
10
MASS BALANCE
36
11
CALORIFIC VALUE
43
12
MECHANICAL DESIGN OF EQUIPMENTS
45
13
PRE REQUISITE FOR COSTING
60
14
COSTING AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
68
15
CONCLUSION
73
16
REFERENCES
75
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Sustainable fuel requirement is increasing exponentially with crude oil costs sky rocketing and cost of electricity increasing gradually. In third world developing countries like India; with air pollution caused by reliance on coal fired power plants for electricity at all time highs and crude oil costs greater than most other countries and under developed rural areas, the solution is a sustainable source of energy, Biogas. The high dependency on non-renewable energy resources puts negative impact on environment like deforestation, depletion in fossil fuel resources and increased emission of CO2 and other potent greenhouse gases. Renewable fuels can be derived from biological material including municipal solid waste, animal waste, forestry waste and agricultural waste. Utilizing waste for the production of bio-energy is most promising as it helps in stabilization of waste which would otherwise occupy landfill waste or create unpleasant environment. Waste not only pollutes land and ground water through leakage but also is a breeding ground of flies, mosquitoes and other disease causing vectors.
Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through anaerobic (oxygen free) digestion of organic matter. Here, organic matter is decomposed to combustible biogas rich in methane (CH4) and liquid effluent (biofertlizers). Kitchen waste is carbohydrate rich waste. It is also rich in organic matter which produces good quality
Sr.no
Topic
Page No
1
INTRODUCTION
4
2
PROBLEMS WITH CURRENT FUELS
8
3
BIOGAS
14
4
PROBLEM STATEMENT
19
5
OBJECTIVE
21
6
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
23
7
FACTOR AFFECTING BIOGAS PRODUCTION
29
8
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
32
9
PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
34
10
MASS BALANCE
36
11
CALORIFIC VALUE
43
12
MECHANICAL DESIGN OF EQUIPMENTS
45
13
PRE REQUISITE FOR COSTING
60
14
COSTING AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
68
15
CONCLUSION
73
16
REFERENCES
75
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Sustainable fuel requirement is increasing exponentially with crude oil costs sky rocketing and cost of electricity increasing gradually. In third world developing countries like India; with air pollution caused by reliance on coal fired power plants for electricity at all time highs and crude oil costs greater than most other countries and under developed rural areas, the solution is a sustainable source of energy, Biogas. The high dependency on non-renewable energy resources puts negative impact on environment like deforestation, depletion in fossil fuel resources and increased emission of CO2 and other potent greenhouse gases. Renewable fuels can be derived from biological material including municipal solid waste, animal waste, forestry waste and agricultural waste. Utilizing waste for the production of bio-energy is most promising as it helps in stabilization of waste which would otherwise occupy landfill waste or create unpleasant environment. Waste not only pollutes land and ground water through leakage but also is a breeding ground of flies, mosquitoes and other disease causing vectors.
Biogas is a renewable energy source produced through anaerobic (oxygen free) digestion of organic matter. Here, organic matter is decomposed to combustible biogas rich in methane (CH4) and liquid effluent (biofertlizers). Kitchen waste is carbohydrate rich waste. It is also rich in organic matter which produces good quality
References: 24. Michael A., Khepar S, Sondhi S., (2008) “Water well and pumps” (Pg. 106- 108), Tata MacGraw- Hill publishing company limited, New Delhi. (Thickness of digester). 25. Ayers G., Gillete R., “Solubility of Ammonia in water in the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide”, Tellus (1985), 37B, (35-40). 26.Process equipment design and drawing-l by Kiran Hari Ghadyalji 31.Dhanalaxmi V.,Ramanujan R.A., “Biogeneration in vegetable waste anaerobic digester: An analytical approach”,Pg. 41-47, Research journal of recent sciences 32.Joshi, “Process equipment design”, (2009) Pg 33.Michael, “Numerical modelling of anaerobic digestion process’,(2010) Inssbruck university press 34.B.T 41. Timmerhaus K., Peters M., “Plant design and economics for chemical engineers”, (1991)Pg. 210-211, Tata Mac-GrawHill Pubications, New Delhi