After running away at the age of 14, Pedro Menedez de Aviles joined the Spanish Navy. In 1549, he was presented with his first big mission. His quest was to defend the Spanish coast and vanquish the pirates that were trying to pillage the coastline. Because of his incredible triumph along the coast, in 1556 Aviles was tasked with the responsibility of beginning a settlement in Florida in order to violently remove the French. On September 8th, 1565, Aviles established the first enduring colony, naming it St. Augustine. Quickly after finishing St. Augustine, Aviles assaulted and annihilated the French and conquered Fort Caroline and renamed it San Mateo.…
Alejandro de la Fuente is writing an argument on slavery with different point of view, narrating a debate based on the Law in Latin America. The different prespectives are from Tannenbaum who is well known as a big influence during slavery, Christopher Schmidt-Nowara and Maria Elena Diaz. The author started with a confession about what he thinks of the work that this people have done and explaining their position and point of view. Slave opportunites such as slave codes, immigration and education, were part of this debate. To fiish the main claim of his article, the author gave an example of how slaves who claim their priorities gain a little of victory making an impact in the administration of justice, in this case, the local justice. Even…
In the book Enrique’s Journey written by Sonia Nazario, a projects reporter for the Los Angeles Times, Nazario discusses the true story of a man named Enrique born in Honduras who was abandoned at 5 years old by his mother Lourdes. Lourdes chose to leave Enrique and his sister Belky to travel to the United States as an immigrant for better financial opportunities to provide for her children back home. After 11 years of depression and substance abuse, Enrique becomes determined to go the U.S in search of the mother who abandoned him…
Cesar E. Chavez is a famous Hispanic civil rights activist who always put others before himself. He was born on March 31, 1927 in Yuma, Arizona. In his early years he worked hard towards his education and religion. While in school, he was often teased for being Hispanic, and punished by his teachers for speaking Spanish. In 1942, Chavez graduated from the 8th grade and never went to high school in order to help support the farming life at home. By that time he had moved to California with his family for work on farms. At the age of nineteen, he joined the navy for two years, and then when he returned home, married his girlfriend Helen. It wasn’t long before he was recognized…
• Miguel Garcia (Apa): He was a campesino and he worked in the fields planting and harvesting crops. He felt guilty of…
This week's readings involved introductions to problems faced by the Chicano community. It depicts how far back these cultural problems have arose and how the community continues to struggle and overcome it. For example, in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, it is a historical document stating peace, friendship, limits, and settlement for the people of Mexico and the United States. This treaty was drafted in 1848, which ended the Mexican-American War, in hopes for a better relationship between the two countries. In contrast, in the poem, I am Joaquin, the poet brings light how the treaty is broken and how the Chicano people and all people represented in the poem are oppressed socially, economically, culturally, and politically, by the "Gabachos".…
Richard Rodriguez is an American journalist and essayist who often writes about his life and the obstacles he has faced during so. He has become widely known due to his popular book, The Hunger of Memory. In the excerpt that’s presented, Rodriguez talks about how his life has changed tremendously due to education, and he goes on to describe how he feels “assimilated.” Rodriguez comes from Mexican Origins and is the son of Mexican Immigrants and throughout the excerpt he has an internal fight due to the fact that he feels as if he is now a stranger to his once familiar culture. However, the one thing that has taken Rodriguez as far as he has come is his education.…
Whether it is fear of deportation or of speaking up, undocumented individuals are always dominated and limited to what they can say or do. Therefore, “Transborder Lives” experiences can be evaluated through the lenses of internal colonialism. With the recurring cycle of the oppressed and the oppressor, the concept of internal colonialism becomes present. The dominant society has and still creates political and economic inequalities to exploit minority groups. Stephen provides the Bracero Program as an example, which was designed to recruit Mexican laborer to substitute for those who left the farm labor industry to serve in the U.S. armed forces. The program played an important role in the arrival of the Mixtecs and Zapotecs in California and Oregon, since their migration decision was a result of labor recruitment. Just like all those indigenous people were recruited, my grandfather, Jose Regalado Yepez also formed part of the Bracero program. He was recruited at a young age, but the desire for a better life and the need to go back and be an impact for those he left behind was what guided him. However, accompanying the Bracero Program was also Operation Wetback, a program that focused on deporting and preventing undocumented people from entering the U.S. Similarly, the poem I am Joaquin by Rodolfo Gonzales captures the unity and pride of Indo-Mexican culture, along with the struggles against racial prejudice and social injustice they experienced. The poem states “Lost in a world of confusion, caught up in the whirl of a gringo society, confused by the rules, scorned by attitudes, suppressed by manipulation, and destroyed by modern society”. With their policies once again we can see the U.S. dominance and the lack of consistency, where the U.S. approves immigrants for cheap labor, but discards them when they are no longer…
I found Dan-el Padilla Paralta’s biography Undocumented to be a very insightful, enjoyable read. It is certainly a departure from previous readings in this class, as it is not theoretical and is not based on sociological research, ethnographic or otherwise. This is a very personal, longitudinal perspective we have not gotten before in this class. Undocumented follows Paralta’s adolescence and young adulthood, beginning with his immigration to New York from the Dominican Republic when he was four and concluding with him beginning his doctorate program at Stanford and meeting his wife. In between, he details his experiences as a young boy in a homeless shelter in Chinatown, as a high school student living in public housing in Harlem and attending a private prestigious school on the upper west side, as a Princeton undergrad studying Classics, and as a masters degree candidate at Oxford. The book is ostensibly about Paralta’s academic journey, but Paralta also pays close attention to his varied attempts to understand and embrace the dual identities of academic and poor immigrant, as well as his struggle to legalize his…
Rodolfo Corky Gonzales was the extraordinary author that wrote the famous poem of “I am Joaquin/ Yo Soy Joaquin”. He was a professional boxer, poet, activist and was the founder of the Crusade for Justice which was an important movement for justice and equality in the Mexican American Community in the 1960’s. For years Rodolfo fought and led protest for chicano unity and was an advocate for racism in the states and also police brutality. However, the thing that impacted the Mexican American community the most is his “I am Joaquin” poem because it brought light into a community that till this point wasn’t recognized for being chicano. Several poems revolving around the hardships of Mexican Americans in the United States had been made prior…
Gary Soto once wrote , ¨ I was the first Chicano to write in complete sentences ¨ (“www.goodread.com/ Gary Soto Quotes”) Knowing that Gary Soto was the first Chicano to write a complete sentence gives me a better understanding of what kind of guy Gary Soto is. He helps kids that speak spanish learn english and builds relationships with the kids he helps. He also explains his compassion and love for the people he loves through his poems. Gary Soto uses imagery and relationships to create a unique style by pulling the readers to the setting of his poetry and to establish a setting when you read his poems.…
Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (May 21, 1895 – October 19, 1970) was President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940. From Cárdenas plebian roots, in the lower-middle class he eked out a substantial, moving and largely successful leadership role in a reformative Mexico. Born in the village of Jiquilpan, Michoacán, Cárdenas supported his widowed mother and seven younger siblings from the age of sixteen. His many professional pursuits included a tax collector, a printer’s devil (apprentice to a printer) and a jail keeper, all by the age of eighteen. Cárdenas had very little formal education, leaving school at eleven to help support his family he often sought opportunities to further his own knowledge, as can be seen by his choices of profession before the age of eighteen, additionally Lázaro Cárdenas was a consummate student of history seeking to understand and learn about all the national and international historical underpinnings of Mexico and the world. When Cárdenas was young he sought to become a teacher but was fouled in his plan by being drawn fully into the politics and military of Mexico, at a time when Mexico was in serious transition. (Wikipedia 2009, “Lázaro Cárdenas”) The Mexican Revolution drew Cárdenas, as it did many others into service of the new government, after Victoriano Huerta overthrew the former President Francisco Madero. Cárdenas was a supporter of Plutarco Elías Calles as the new president of Mexico and was rewarded, after his successful bid, for appointment as the governor of his home province, Michoacán in 1928. (Fallow 2001, 11)…
Born in the capital city of Mexico on September 18, 1890 Jose Tomas De Cuellar was one of colonial Latin America's polarizing figures and from one Mexico's wealthy families. He attended college at the military college of Chapultepec. Later he entered the Academy of San Carlos after taking part in the defense of the castle before the United States invasion on September 13, 1847. He went on to become secretary of the Mexican legislation in Washington D.C. and was secretary of foreign affairs. He gained note ability in 1848 for his essay "Duty and Sacrifices" in both Mexico and Madrid. But, he is most notably known for his skills as an observer and being a master illustrator in writing in his genre and because of the telling of humorous stories to make fun of the society he was living in.1 The Magic Lantern is but a small part of his repertoire , but is an excellent glimpse back into a culture that is long gone but still influencing its people today.…
Becoming Mexican American: A study into the cultural developments of Mexican immigrants to the United States The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss the inviting work of George Sánchez, Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. While reviewing this work of Sánchez, the essay will make use of an article written by Grace Peña Delgado relating to the immigration issues of the United States in the early twentieth century. Delgado`s article, ‘_At Exclusion’s Southern Gate: Changing Categories of Race and Class among Chinese Froterizos_’ discusses the Chinese immigrants in northern Mexico. To provide the reader with accurate and concise information the original works of the two authors will be used extensively, as the purpose of the essay is to criticize these works. The essay will also make use of a number of internet web-sites for general information on the Mexican and American historiesof the early twentieth century. A detailed list of books and resources used in writing this paper will be provided at the end, in the form of a bibliography. In conclusion, the essay’s purpose is to provide detailed and concise criticism of George Sánchez’s book, Becoming Mexican American, while supporting the criticism with Grace Delgado’s article. Ceren Keskin 207138579 BIBLIOGRAPHY Sánchez, George. Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945. Oxford University Press, 1995. Delgado, Grace Peña. “At Exclusion’s Southern Gate: Changing Categories of Race and Class among Chinese Froterizos_”__. _In the Continental Crossroads, 183-200. Duke University Press,…
Becoming Mexican American is George J. Sanchez’s document how Chicanos survived as a community in Los Angeles during the first part of the twentieth century. He goes into detail of how many thousands of Mexicans were pushed back in to Mexico during a formal repatriation. Those that survived in Los Angeles joined labor unions and became involved in New Deal politics.…