Biology 12 - Vocabulary
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Glossary
acids molecules that have a pH level less than 7, dissociate in water, and release hydrogen ions (H+) action potential the electrical potential determined by unequal ion distribution when a particular site on the neuron membrane is conducting an impulse; normally about +40 millivolts activation energy the amount of energy required before a chemical reaction can occur; this amount is reduced when an enzyme is present active process a biological process (e.g. action potential of neurons) that requires energy to make it occur active site the small area on an enzyme molecule to which the substrate binds active transport by this process, ions and molecules move across the cell's plasma membrane and accumulate inside or outside the cell; the carrier requires energy to change its shape and transport the molecule to the other side of the membrane adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) high-energy molecules used by the cell to synthesize macromolecules, such as carbohydrates and proteins adrenal cortex outer part of the adrenal gland located on the top of each kidney afferent arteriole blood vessel carrying blood to each glomerulus albumins plasma proteins that help maintain the osmotic pressure of blood and act as a carrier for bilirubin; formed when hemoglobin is broken down aldosterone hormone released from adrenal cortex; stimulates reabsorption of Na+ and water by distal tubule; responsible for maintaining blood volume (pressure) all-or-none response is the principle by which neurons either reach a stimulation threshold and fire or they don’t receive enough stimulation so don’t fire at all. It’s all-or-none in terms of a neuron firing or not amino acids has a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and three groups that include an amino group (–NH2), an acidic group (–COOH), and an R group, so named because it is the remainder of the molecule anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH after
Glossary
acids molecules that have a pH level less than 7, dissociate in water, and release hydrogen ions (H+) action potential the electrical potential determined by unequal ion distribution when a particular site on the neuron membrane is conducting an impulse; normally about +40 millivolts activation energy the amount of energy required before a chemical reaction can occur; this amount is reduced when an enzyme is present active process a biological process (e.g. action potential of neurons) that requires energy to make it occur active site the small area on an enzyme molecule to which the substrate binds active transport by this process, ions and molecules move across the cell's plasma membrane and accumulate inside or outside the cell; the carrier requires energy to change its shape and transport the molecule to the other side of the membrane adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) high-energy molecules used by the cell to synthesize macromolecules, such as carbohydrates and proteins adrenal cortex outer part of the adrenal gland located on the top of each kidney afferent arteriole blood vessel carrying blood to each glomerulus albumins plasma proteins that help maintain the osmotic pressure of blood and act as a carrier for bilirubin; formed when hemoglobin is broken down aldosterone hormone released from adrenal cortex; stimulates reabsorption of Na+ and water by distal tubule; responsible for maintaining blood volume (pressure) all-or-none response is the principle by which neurons either reach a stimulation threshold and fire or they don’t receive enough stimulation so don’t fire at all. It’s all-or-none in terms of a neuron firing or not amino acids has a central carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and three groups that include an amino group (–NH2), an acidic group (–COOH), and an R group, so named because it is the remainder of the molecule anterior pituitary releases FSH and LH after