Biology
CHAPTER
23
Circulation
Chapter Objectives
Opening Essay
Describe the adaptations of giraffes and humans to circulate blood against the pull of gravity.
Circulatory Systems
23.1 23.1 23.2 Describe the general functions of a circulatory system. Compare the structures and functions of gastrovascular cavities, open circulatory systems, and closed circulatory systems. Compare the cardiovascular systems of a fish, an amphibian, a reptile, a bird, and a mammal.
The Human Cardiovascular System and Heart
23.3 Describe the pathway of blood through the mammalian cardiovascular system. Note the names of all blood vessels and heart chambers identified in Figure 23.3A, B. Distinguish between diastole and systole. Explain why blood moves in one direction through the heart. Explain how heartbeats are controlled. Define a heart attack and cardiovascular disease. Explain what causes them and what can be done to reduce the chances of developing cardiovascular disease.
23.4 23.5 23.6
Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
23.7 23.8 Relate the structure of blood vessels to their function. Explain how and why blood pressure changes as blood moves away from the heart. Explain how blood is moved back to the heart. 23.9 Explain how blood pressure is measured. Give examples of normal and high blood pressure readings. Describe lifestyle changes that can help to reduce high blood pressure. 23.10 Explain how blood flow through capillaries is regulated. 23.11 Explain how the structure of a capillary relates to its functions.
Structure and Function of Blood
23.12 Describe the components of blood and their functions. 23.13 Describe the structure, function, and production of red blood cells. Explain why exercising at high altitudes, injecting synthetic EPO, and blood doping increase red blood cell concentrations. 23.14 Describe the process of blood clotting. 23.15 Define leukemia and describe the most common forms of treatment.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
23
Circulation
Chapter Objectives
Opening Essay
Describe the adaptations of giraffes and humans to circulate blood against the pull of gravity.
Circulatory Systems
23.1 23.1 23.2 Describe the general functions of a circulatory system. Compare the structures and functions of gastrovascular cavities, open circulatory systems, and closed circulatory systems. Compare the cardiovascular systems of a fish, an amphibian, a reptile, a bird, and a mammal.
The Human Cardiovascular System and Heart
23.3 Describe the pathway of blood through the mammalian cardiovascular system. Note the names of all blood vessels and heart chambers identified in Figure 23.3A, B. Distinguish between diastole and systole. Explain why blood moves in one direction through the heart. Explain how heartbeats are controlled. Define a heart attack and cardiovascular disease. Explain what causes them and what can be done to reduce the chances of developing cardiovascular disease.
23.4 23.5 23.6
Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
23.7 23.8 Relate the structure of blood vessels to their function. Explain how and why blood pressure changes as blood moves away from the heart. Explain how blood is moved back to the heart. 23.9 Explain how blood pressure is measured. Give examples of normal and high blood pressure readings. Describe lifestyle changes that can help to reduce high blood pressure. 23.10 Explain how blood flow through capillaries is regulated. 23.11 Explain how the structure of a capillary relates to its functions.
Structure and Function of Blood
23.12 Describe the components of blood and their functions. 23.13 Describe the structure, function, and production of red blood cells. Explain why exercising at high altitudes, injecting synthetic EPO, and blood doping increase red blood cell concentrations. 23.14 Describe the process of blood clotting. 23.15 Define leukemia and describe the most common forms of treatment.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.