Course Description: Provides an understanding of human behavior and lays a foundation for additional work in psychology. Duplicate credit will not be given for PSYC 101 and PSYC 201.…
American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.…
· Complete the University of Phoenix Material: Biological Psychology Worksheet, located on the student website.…
• What did you learn from this experiment about these two regions of the hypothalamus?…
One way in which eating behaviour is controlled is by a process called homeostasis. This involves mechanisms which both detect the state of the internal environment and also correct the situation to restore that environment to its optimal state. The body has evolved two separate systems, one for turning eating on and another for turning it off. Glucose levels play an important role in producing feelings of hunger. When there is a decrease in blood glucose, this increases the feeling of hunger which is activated by the lateral hypothalamus in the brain. This contains a neurotransmitter called the neuropeptide Y which causes the individual to consume food, therefore resulting in the glucose levels to rise again. This rise in glucose levels activates the ventromedial hypothalamus which leads to feelings of satiation. The ventromedial hypothalamus contains an area called the paraventricular nucleus which is believed to cause a condition called hyperphagia (over eating). This is turn inhibits further consumption until the blood glucose levels have decreased again.…
Territoriality - behavior of animals that enables individuals to occupy and dominate an area. Territory is an area where one or more individuals defend the area. Thus the two are interpedently interacting with each other to defend the area.…
However, in the 1938 study " Hunger motivation in Gastrectomized rats," Tsang 's findings proved that hunger pangs could not possibly be the only cause of hunger. In this study, seven rats had over 90% of their stomachs removed. Their esophagi were then attached to their small intestines. While they no longer would be feeling "hunger pangs," the rats continued to eat at the same rate as they did prior to the operation.( Tsang,1) Therefore, researchers sought out another answer. This time however, by studying both body chemistry and the brain.…
The digestive system is made up of all different organs which starts at the mouth and finishes at the anus but on the way involves all other organs; these organs help to break down and absorb the food. Our bodies need food as this is what helps us to do everyday tasks. The food we eat once in our body is used for growth repair, cell function, heart function, warmth and breathing. If we don’t eat enough food then people will find that they are lethargic and find everyday tasks very difficult for example; running, as the body has no energy from food they will get tired quickly and their stamina will decrease and they will feel breathless. It’s not only the energy that the body needs from the food it’s also some chemicals as these certain chemicals help to maintain the bodies organs and keep them healthy .…
SYMPATHETIC VS PARASYMPATHETIC What are some things that happen when you get scared? When you have just had a big meal?…
The emetic reflex mechanism is categorised into two phases: a retching phase and the expulsive phase. The retching phase occurs first, and involves the contraction of the abdominal muscles, chest wall and diaphragm. The sustained contraction of the diaphragm, chest wall and abdominal muscle leads to a build-up of increased pressure within the stomach. The release of this pressure is characterised as the expulsive phase, and this is what results in the expulsion of the contents of the stomach (Virtual medical centre,…
The human body is regulated by the nervous system and its functions. Under normal circumstances everything runs smoothly with no issues; however, fear can have an impact on how the nervous system works. One aspect that can be examined in relation to the nervous system and the ways that fear affects it is through body temperature regulation. When fear is present it bring on the production of specific hormones that cause certain responses within the body leading to the flight or fight situation. As with any function of the body there are impairment that are always possible as well. Knowing in advance what types of things can impair one 's thermoregulation process gives people a step up against having issues later in life.…
The uneasy or painful sensation caused by want of food; craving appetite. Also the exhausted condition caused by want of food.…
Hollister, L.E., (2001). Hunger and appetite after single doses of marijuana, alcohol and amphetamine. Clin. Pharmacology. There. 12, pp. 44–49.…
Hunger is one of the three most significant motivators a person experiences. It is a major concept in our everyday lives that influences behaviours we gravitate to ourselves. What drives this motivator? What are the mechanics and processes involved with feelings of hunger and fullness? For a better understanding starting from the biological aspects that soon combine with social aspects will develop a thorough sense of how hunger operates. A reliable process to accurately indicate true hunger is by the use of the blood glucose level. Levels are monitored through glucoreceptor cells in the brain and liver, of which we are not aware of our levels and is a good thing. It is not an ideal behaviour to constantly think about your blood glucose level every day of every minute. In addition to monitoring our glucose levels, the brain also monitors other factors such as hormone levels that operate the hunger mechanics. There are four hormones associated with hunger: cholecystokinin, leptin, glucocorticoids, and ghrelin. Cholecystokinin and leptin reduce the appetite when its levels are increased. In contrast, glucocorticoids and ghrelin enhance the appetite when increased in the body. A special tool of the brain is used in detecting the levels of the hormones to initiate the feeling of hunger or fullness. This tool is called the hypothalamus which used key areas to function the hunger mechanic. It also interacts with another part of the brain called the hippocampus in the experience of hunger and fullness. The lateral hypothalamus when stimulated will increase appetite but reduce it if it has sustained damage. The ventro-medial hypothalamus operates in the opposite way as it reduces appetite if stimulated but increases it if damaged. Specific types of hunger or “cravings” as one would call it are controlled by the paraventricular nucleus part of the hypothalamus. With this information, could we not develop ways to mold people’s appetites and over eating? Some would…
6) You feel hungry because of the satiety center in your brain falls short of particular hormones to function and then sends the signal of hunger.…