2. The causes of variation and its biological importance.
3. Mean temperatures are rising in many parts of the world. The rising temperatures may result in physiological and ecological effects on living organisms. Describe and explain these effects.
4. Cells are easy to distinguish by their shape. How are the shapes of cells related to their function?
5. Enzymes and their importance in plants and animals
6. The process of osmosis and its importance to living organisms.
7. How microscopes have contributed to our understanding of living organisms
8. How bacteria affect human lives
9. Energy transfers which take place inside living organisms.
10. How the structure of proteins is related to their functions
11. The structure and functions of carbohydrates
12. Cycles in biology
13. The movement of substances within living organisms.
14. The biological importance of water.
15. How the structure of cells is related to their function.
16. Heat and many different substances are transferred within the body and between the body and the environment. Explain how surface area is linked to this transfer.
17. The different ways in which organisms use ATP.
18. Bacteria affect the lives of humans and other organisms in many ways. Apart from causing disease, describe how bacteria may affect the lives of humans and other organisms.
19. Inorganic ions include those of sodium, phosphorus and hydrogen. Describe how these and other inorganic ions are used in living organisms.
20. Condensation and hydrolysis and their importance in biology.
21. Negative feedback and its importance in biology.
22. Ways in which different species of organisms differ from each other
23. The transfer of energy between different organisms and between these organisms and their environment
24. The structure and functions of carbohydrates
25. How carbon dioxide gets from a respiring cell to the lumen of