Courts and Alternative
Dispute Resolution
Answers to Learning Objectives/ For Review Questions at the Beginning and the End of the Chapter
Note that your students can find the answers to the even-numbered For Review questions in Appendix F at the end of the text. We repeat these answers here as a convenience to you.
1A Judicial review
The courts can decide whether the laws or actions of the legislative and executive branches of government are constitutional. The process for making this determination is judicial review. The doctrine of judicial review was established in 1803 when the United States Supreme Court decided Marbury v. Madison.
2A Jurisdiction
To hear a case, a court must have jurisdiction over the person against whom the suit is brought or over the property involved in the suit. The court must also have jurisdiction over the subject matter. Generally, courts apply a “sliding-scale” standard to determine when it is proper to exercise jurisdiction over a defendant whose only connection with the jurisdiction is the Internet.
3A Trial and appellate courts
A trial court is a court in which a lawsuit begins, a trial takes place, and evidence is presented. An appellate court reviews the rulings of trial court, on appeal from a judgment or order of the lower court.
4A Discovery
Discovery is the process of obtaining information and evidence about a case from the other party or third parties. Discovery entails gaining access to witnesses, documents, records, and other types of evidence. Electronic discovery differs in its subject—that is, e-media rather than traditional sources of information, such as paper documents.
5A Alternative dispute resolution
The traditional method of resolving a legal dispute is through litigation. Alternative methods include negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. In negotiation, the parties attempt to settle their dispute informally without the involvement of a third party acting as mediator. In