1. The causes of the population growth were improvements to European diets, decreasing morality rates, and diseases lost their ferocity. The effects of a growing population include urbanization, the development of capitalism, which in turn led to the restructuring of European economy and society.
2. Capitalism is an economic system in which private parties make their foods and services available on a free market and seek to take advantage of market conditions to profit from their activities.
3. Businessmen transformed economic activities by learning to take advantage of market conditions by building efficient networks of transportation and communication and by creating a system of regulating the price of a product based on supply and demand.
4. The institutions that supported early capitalism were banks and joint-stock companies such as the English East India Company and their Dutch counterpart.
5. The Dutch and English supported the growth of capitalism because the English East India Company and their Dutch counterpart were two large trading companies that spread the ideas of capitalism on a larger scale than ever before.
6. The Joint-stock companies set up by the ideas of capitalism and the English/Dutch would be authorized to conquer, explore, and colonize distant lands in search of commercial opportunities. Therefore, early capitalism developed in the context of Imperialism, as European peoples established fortified trading posts in Asia and colonial regimes in both Southeast Asia and the Americas. Imperial expansion was important to the spread of capitalism, since it enabled European merchants to get natural resources that would be distributed.
7. Crafts and guilds had fixed prices and wages and they regulated standards of quality. They did not seek to realize profits, therefore discouraging competition and resisted technological innovation.
8. The putting out system was system in which capitalist entrepreneurs delivered unfished