Cardiovascular System Study Guide
How things flow through the heart:
• blood drains into the right atrium through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus (drains the heart muscle itself)→Right Ventricle→pulmonary semilunar valves→lungs→pulmonary veins→left atrium→bicuspid valve→left ventricle→aortic semilunar valve→systemic circuit.
What the valves do:
• Prevent backflow into the atria and ventricles, ensuring that blood only flows one way through the heart. what vessels bring blood to the heart and take blood away, etc...
Veins from the systemic circuit bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while veins from the pulmonary circuit bring oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.
Heart wall structure:
• Epicardium: external layer; smooth slippery texture to outermost surface; includes adipose and coronary blood vessels
• Myocardium: middle/muscular layer; the thickest layer
• Endocardium: inner layer; smooth lining for chambers of the heart, valves and continuous with the lining of large blood vessels
Pericardial membranes:
• 1 Parietal Layer: fused to fibrous pericardium in on the inside/deep
• 2 Visceral layer: also called EPICARDIUM, the outer covering of the heart itself
• pericardial cavity: small potential space between the parietal and visceral layers-filled with a small amount of serous fluid secreted by the serous pericardium
Coronary circulation
• Coronary arteries (L and R) branch from ascending aorta, immediately after the aortic valve
• Anastomoses provide alternate routes or collateral circuits
• Allows the heart muscle to receive sufficient oxygen even if an artery is partially blocked
• Coronary Veins: drain the heart muscle, converge and drain into the coronary sinus, empties into the right atrium.
Elements of the conduction system:
• 1.) The SA node (PACEMAKER) generates impulses
• 2.) The impulses pause at the AV node
• 3.) The AV bundle connects the atria to the ventricles
• 4.) The bundle branches conduct
• blood drains into the right atrium through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and the coronary sinus (drains the heart muscle itself)→Right Ventricle→pulmonary semilunar valves→lungs→pulmonary veins→left atrium→bicuspid valve→left ventricle→aortic semilunar valve→systemic circuit.
What the valves do:
• Prevent backflow into the atria and ventricles, ensuring that blood only flows one way through the heart. what vessels bring blood to the heart and take blood away, etc...
Veins from the systemic circuit bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart, while veins from the pulmonary circuit bring oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium.
Heart wall structure:
• Epicardium: external layer; smooth slippery texture to outermost surface; includes adipose and coronary blood vessels
• Myocardium: middle/muscular layer; the thickest layer
• Endocardium: inner layer; smooth lining for chambers of the heart, valves and continuous with the lining of large blood vessels
Pericardial membranes:
• 1 Parietal Layer: fused to fibrous pericardium in on the inside/deep
• 2 Visceral layer: also called EPICARDIUM, the outer covering of the heart itself
• pericardial cavity: small potential space between the parietal and visceral layers-filled with a small amount of serous fluid secreted by the serous pericardium
Coronary circulation
• Coronary arteries (L and R) branch from ascending aorta, immediately after the aortic valve
• Anastomoses provide alternate routes or collateral circuits
• Allows the heart muscle to receive sufficient oxygen even if an artery is partially blocked
• Coronary Veins: drain the heart muscle, converge and drain into the coronary sinus, empties into the right atrium.
Elements of the conduction system:
• 1.) The SA node (PACEMAKER) generates impulses
• 2.) The impulses pause at the AV node
• 3.) The AV bundle connects the atria to the ventricles
• 4.) The bundle branches conduct