Case Studies in Occupational Health, Safety and Environment

| U IT UN T GU DE | GUI E
Case Studie in Occ es cupat tiona al Safe nd E ronm Health, S ety an Envir ment
OHS SE211 1

Introduction ............................................................................. 13 Hazards, Risks and Controls ................................................. 15 Case Study 1: A Safety Problem: Anthrax ........................... 21 Case Study 2: A Health Problem: Lead In Petrol ................. 33 Case Study 3: An Environmental Problem: Love Canal ........................................................................................ 42 OHSE Endnote: Measuring OHSE Effects ............................ 54 Notes ........................................................................................ 56 References ............................................................................... 56

SECTION 2  The Organochlorine Pesticides
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

62

Introduction ............................................................................. 62 Rachel’s Story ......................................................................... 63 The Organochlorine Pesticides ............................................. 68 OHSE Endnotes....................................................................... 75 Notes ........................................................................................ 78 References ............................................................................... 78

SECTION 3  Haemorrhagic Fever
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6

81

Introduction ............................................................................. 81 Moufi’s Story ........................................................................... 88 Biohazards and their Control................................................. 95 OHSE Endnotes..................................................................... 129 Notes ...................................................................................... 137 References

References: Ayres, JG 1997, ‘Trends in air quality in the UK’, Allergy, vol. 52, pp. 7-13. Commerce Clearing House (CCH) 1992, Managing Occupational Health and Safety. CCH Australia, Sydney. Dawson, DJ & Sartory, DP 2000, ‘Microbiological safety of water’, British Medical Bulletin, vol. 56, pp. 74-83. Dyktor, HG 1940, ‘Integration of Industrial hygiene with industrial medicine’, Industrial Medicine, vol. 9, pp. 193-202. Emmett, EA 1996, ‘What is the strategic value of occupational and environmental medicine? Observations from the United States and Australia’, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol. 38, pp. 1124-1134. Goetsch, DL 1999, Occupational safety and health: for technologists, engineers and managers, third edition, Prentice Hall, Columbus. Greenberg, DS 2001, ‘Retreat on US standards for health, safety, and environment’, Lancet, vol. 357, p. 1187. OHSE211 CASE STUDIES IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT SECTION 12  423 Hong, S, Candelone, JP, Patterson, CC & Boutron, C 1994, ‘Greenland evidence of hemispheric pollution for lead two millennia ago by Greek and Roman civilizations’, Science, vol. 265, pp. 18411843. Jacobson, MZ 2002, Atmospheric pollution: history, science, regulation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Klein, RGG & Edgar, B 2002, The dawn of human culture, John Wiley and Sons, New York. Kurt, TL 1984, ‘What business schools teach on health, safety and environment’, Occupational Health and Safety, vol. 53, p. 87. La Dou, J (ed) 1986, Introduction to occupational health and safety. National Safety Council, Chicago. Lescaratosm, JG & Marketos, SG 1998, ‘The carbon monoxide poisoning of two Byzantine emperors’, Journal of Toxicology and Clinical Toxicology, vol. 36, pp. 103-107. Michalak, J 2001, ‘Good practice in health, environment and safety management in enterprise’, International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, vol. 14, pp. 35-41. Miller, EW & Miller, RM 1992, Water Quality and Availability, ABC-Clio, Santa Barbara, CA. Pruss, A, Kay, D, Fewtrell, L & Bartram, J 2002, ‘Estimating the burden of disease from water, sanitation, and hygiene at a global level’, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 110, pp. 537-542. Pye, VI, Patrick, R & Quarles, J 1983, Groundwater contamination in the United States, University of Pennsylvannia Press, Philadelphia. Senior, E, Watson-Craik, IA & Kasali, GB 1990, ‘Control/promotion of the refuse methanogenic fermentation’, Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, vol. 10, pp. 93-118. Standards Australia (SA), AS/NZS 4360 risk management, Standards Australia, Sydney. Torp, S, Rise, T & Moen, BE 2000, ‘Systematic health, environment and safety activities: Do they influence occupational environment, behaviour and health?’, Occupational Medicine, vol. 50, pp. 326333. Thompson, JD 1991, ‘The Great Stench or the fool 's argument’, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, vol. 64, pp. 529-541. White, ID, Motterhead, DN & Harrison, SJ 1992, Environmental systems: an introductory text, Chapman and Hall, London. OHSE211 CASE STUDIES IN OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT SECTION 12  424