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EFFECTS OF LEAD ACETATE IN THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF SEA URCHINS (Tripneustes gratilla)

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EFFECTS OF LEAD ACETATE IN THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF SEA URCHINS (Tripneustes gratilla)
EFFECTS OF LEAD ACETATE IN THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
OF SEA URCHINS (Tripneustes gratilla)

Belderol, Jacqueline
Busmeon, Chadinne
Dablo, Elgen Ray
Edding, Desza
Hulsey, Shirley
Montano, Margaret
Ragasa, Jay Andie
Susaya, Mariz
Veedor, Marielle
Science Cluster
University of the Philippines Visayas Cebu College
Gorordo Avenue, Lahug, Cebu City 6000

ABSTRACT One of the greatest threats to health and the environment is the current problem regarding pollution. Pollution can come from many different sources. It can come from pesticides, fertilizers and many more. The most harmful pollutants are the industrial wastes and byproducts because they are sometimes overlooked. Factories are often located near bodies of water where they dump all their wastes into. The metallic wastes that come from industrial factories are very harmful to marine life in a way that it can either cause mutations or mortalities. The threat of heavy metal poisoning on organisms in the aquatic ecosystem often seems to be ignored; however, many of the negative effects of heavy metals on humans apply to organisms within the surrounding ecosystems. The intended audiences for this thesis are the locals. Lead acetate, primarily used in dyeing and printing textiles, drying paint and varnishes, and can be found in batteries, pesticides and gasoline, is accessible to anyone and therefore can be misused by anyone if they are not informed of its effects to the environment. It is a lethal toxin and can cause behavioral, neurological and cognitive defects. Tripneustes gratilla is a commercially valuable tropical sea urchin with high growth rates. It is being targeted as an aquaculture species in several countries, is produced in small quantities for restocking in Japan, and as food in the Philippines. This project focuses on how pollution affects the aquatic ecosystem, simply because the Earth is mostly made of water, which is very essential to life. The


Bibliography: The Colombia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Ed. Copyright 2012 Koyabayashi, N. (2004). Effects of Heavy Metals on Sea Urchin Embryo Development. Retrieved October 5, 2013, from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1508173 Ghorani. V. (2013). The Effects of Lead Toxicity on embryonic development and Early Larval Growth. Retrieved October 5, 2013, from www.nopr.niscair.res.in Dermeche, S. et al. (2012). Evaluation of the Toxicity of Metal Pollutants on Embryonic Development of Sea Urchins. Retrieved October 5, 2013 Helmenstine, A. (2011). Sugar of Lead. Retrieved October 5, 2013, from www.chemistry.about.com/b/2011/09/11/sugar-of-lead.htm Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc (August 15, 1999). Lead Acetate. Retrieved August 2, 2013 from www.atmos.umd.edu/~russ/MSDS/lead_acetate.htm Tyler, M.S. (n.d.). Developmental biology: A guide for experimental study. Third edition. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, Massachusetts. pg. 6-8. Pennington, J.T. (October, 1985). The fertilization of echinoid eggs. Retrieved from http://www.mbari.org/staff/peti/Pubs/Ecology%20of%20Fertilization.pdf n.a. (n.d.). Echinoderms - fertilization and early sea urchin development. Retrieved from http://people.hsc.edu/faculty-staff/edevlin/edsweb01/courses/Development/labmanual/new_page_13.htm
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