Case Study 76 HARINDERJEET DARDI 1
Endocrine Disorders
Harina Dardi
NSG/340
March 3, 2015
Sandra Gilderson
Endocrine Disorders
1. A normal sugar level is less than 100 mg/dl, the normal range for hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. A hemoglobin A1c range between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates an increased risk for diabetes. Total cholesterol level of 256 is very high. Triglycerides level of less than 150 mg/dl is considered normal but Y.L’s level is 346 high. Level of LDL at 155 is at borderline high, HDL level of 32 is very low putting Y.L at risk for heart disease, (+) glucose indicates diabetes, (-) ketones were found in the urine which is considered normal.
2. The three methods used to diagnose DM are the fasting plasma glucose test, fasting blood glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test.
3. The three functions of insulin are regulates glucose metabolism, stimulates lipogenesis, and stimulates growth.
4. “Type 1 DM characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that cause immune destruction of the β cells of the islets of Langerhans; in type 1b diabetes, such evidence is lacking. The hallmark of type 1 diabetes mellitus (also known, historically, as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) is insulin deficiency. Loss of normal insulin secretion from the endocrine pancreas is caused by progressive destruction of the β cells in the islets of Langerhans. The resulting lack of insulin production causes major abnormalities of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, the most dramatic of which is hyperglycemia” (Scobie, 2012).
“Type 2 DM occurs when insulin secretion is insufficient to meet insulin demand, resulting in hyperglycemia. The precedent pathophysiological events are characterized by varying degrees of metabolic derangement, which often differ in degrees between individuals. The keys are insulin resistance in muscle (thereby increasing insulin demand), insulin resistance in liver (thereby increasing hepatic gluconeogenesis) and eventual β cell failure with relative insulin
Harina Dardi
NSG/340
March 3, 2015
Sandra Gilderson
Endocrine Disorders
1. A normal sugar level is less than 100 mg/dl, the normal range for hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. A hemoglobin A1c range between 5.7% and 6.4% indicates an increased risk for diabetes. Total cholesterol level of 256 is very high. Triglycerides level of less than 150 mg/dl is considered normal but Y.L’s level is 346 high. Level of LDL at 155 is at borderline high, HDL level of 32 is very low putting Y.L at risk for heart disease, (+) glucose indicates diabetes, (-) ketones were found in the urine which is considered normal.
2. The three methods used to diagnose DM are the fasting plasma glucose test, fasting blood glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test.
3. The three functions of insulin are regulates glucose metabolism, stimulates lipogenesis, and stimulates growth.
4. “Type 1 DM characterized by the presence of autoantibodies that cause immune destruction of the β cells of the islets of Langerhans; in type 1b diabetes, such evidence is lacking. The hallmark of type 1 diabetes mellitus (also known, historically, as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) is insulin deficiency. Loss of normal insulin secretion from the endocrine pancreas is caused by progressive destruction of the β cells in the islets of Langerhans. The resulting lack of insulin production causes major abnormalities of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism, the most dramatic of which is hyperglycemia” (Scobie, 2012).
“Type 2 DM occurs when insulin secretion is insufficient to meet insulin demand, resulting in hyperglycemia. The precedent pathophysiological events are characterized by varying degrees of metabolic derangement, which often differ in degrees between individuals. The keys are insulin resistance in muscle (thereby increasing insulin demand), insulin resistance in liver (thereby increasing hepatic gluconeogenesis) and eventual β cell failure with relative insulin