Case Study Congestive Cardiac Failure
This is a case study of a 76 year old female patient who is suffering from congestive cardiac failure. She has past medical history of hypertension, chronic renal failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia. She has been admitted in hospital several times recently and she was discharged 11 days ago from emergency department. Now she is suffering from dyspnoea and she feels like she can not catch her breath due to congestion of lungs. Congestion of lungs occurred due to congestive heart failure. Her lower limbs feel like tree trunk due to oedema. These changes are manifestations of congestive cardiac failure. She is also not following fluid and salt restriction and gained 2 KG weight. M. G is suffering from many chronic conditions
and newly diagnosed congestive cardiac failure. All her chronic conditions are connected with each other. M. G’s all current assessments are; blood pressure 160/100 mm of hg, pulse 102 and irregular, respiratory rate 24/minute and temperature 37.3 C. On auscultation widespread creps on chest and ECG shows newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Her chest X ray findings are cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. Her significant blood test results are; potassium 5.3 mEq/L, glucose 11.2 mmol, creatinine 4.5 mg/dl, BUN 43 mg/dl. All these findings are effects of manifestation of congestive cardiac failure and other chronic conditions of patient.
At present, patient’s main clinical problem is congestive cardiac failure. Cardiac failure is defined as complex syndrome as a result of structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs ability of heart to function as pump to support systemic circulation (Jenkins & Kirk, 2010, p. 127). Congestive heart failure is complex syndrome in which there is increased risk of clinical signs and symptoms of low cardiac output and/or pulmonary or systemic congestion (Williams, 2014, p. 3). Patient has chronic hypertension, chronic renal failure, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus which are precipitating factors of congestive heart failure. Now, we will discuss relationship of chronic conditions of patient with congestive heart failure. Large number of heart failure is connected with coronary heart disease and hypertension (Djoussé, Driver, & Gaziano, 2009). Thus, hypertension is one of the causative factors of congestive cardiac failure. About 30% of patient with heart failure have kidney problems and chronic renal failure is one of leading cause of heart failure (Jenkins & Kirk, 2010). Left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction are results of diabetes and hypertension (Boudina & Abel, 2007). Thus, it is clear that hypertension, diabetes, chronic renal disease and hyperlipidaemia are aetiological factors for development of congestive cardiac failure in patient. Now, we will discuss pathophysiology of congestive cardiac failure and relate it with M. G’s symptomatology.
and newly diagnosed congestive cardiac failure. All her chronic conditions are connected with each other. M. G’s all current assessments are; blood pressure 160/100 mm of hg, pulse 102 and irregular, respiratory rate 24/minute and temperature 37.3 C. On auscultation widespread creps on chest and ECG shows newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. Her chest X ray findings are cardiomegaly and pulmonary congestion. Her significant blood test results are; potassium 5.3 mEq/L, glucose 11.2 mmol, creatinine 4.5 mg/dl, BUN 43 mg/dl. All these findings are effects of manifestation of congestive cardiac failure and other chronic conditions of patient.
At present, patient’s main clinical problem is congestive cardiac failure. Cardiac failure is defined as complex syndrome as a result of structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs ability of heart to function as pump to support systemic circulation (Jenkins & Kirk, 2010, p. 127). Congestive heart failure is complex syndrome in which there is increased risk of clinical signs and symptoms of low cardiac output and/or pulmonary or systemic congestion (Williams, 2014, p. 3). Patient has chronic hypertension, chronic renal failure, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus which are precipitating factors of congestive heart failure. Now, we will discuss relationship of chronic conditions of patient with congestive heart failure. Large number of heart failure is connected with coronary heart disease and hypertension (Djoussé, Driver, & Gaziano, 2009). Thus, hypertension is one of the causative factors of congestive cardiac failure. About 30% of patient with heart failure have kidney problems and chronic renal failure is one of leading cause of heart failure (Jenkins & Kirk, 2010). Left ventricular hypertrophy and systolic dysfunction are results of diabetes and hypertension (Boudina & Abel, 2007). Thus, it is clear that hypertension, diabetes, chronic renal disease and hyperlipidaemia are aetiological factors for development of congestive cardiac failure in patient. Now, we will discuss pathophysiology of congestive cardiac failure and relate it with M. G’s symptomatology.