Child abuse can be caused by a number of factors. We outline parental, ecological and child factors that could make children vulnerable to abuse.
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Child abuse can be caused by a number of factors. Rana Escher, Marketing Manger of Women against Child Abuse outlines parental, ecological and child factors that could make children vulnerable to abuse.
Parental factors
It is well known that abusive parents often report having been physically, sexually or emotionally abused as children. However, there are parents who have not been abused as children who become abusive, as well as parents who have been abused as children and do not abuse their own children.
Characteristics identified by some abusive parents include: low self esteem, low intelligence, hostility, isolation, loneliness, anxiety, depression, apathy, fear of rejection, narcissism, immaturity, dependency, distrust, drug or alcohol abuse.
Substance abuse has become an increasing problem. The Child Protection Unit reports that drug use, combined with the parent’s history of abuse as children, is resulting in caseloads comprised of seriously dysfunctional families.
Parents’ lack of knowledge of childhood development may result in unreasonable or unrealistic expectations. Lack of parenting skills and inappropriate attitudes can contribute to abusive behavior, for example, acceptance of violence as a way to solve problems.
Specific situations, such as unwanted pregnancy, physical illness and the poor ability to empathise with their children can substantially increase the likelihood of abuse, particularly when social stress and social isolation characterise the family.
Child factors
Certain children are more vulnerable to abusive behaviour. The child’s age and physical, mental, emotional and social development can greatly increase or decrease the likelihood of abuse.
Younger children, due to their physical size and developmental status, are particularly vulnerable to certain