Causes Of Opioid Addiction

Drug addiction is a severe social problem. However, it is a treatable chronic disease which can be successfully managed by combining behavioural therapy with medications. In all medication treatment, we focus on the possible addiction treatments for those opioid addicts refractory to existing treatments. Opioid dependence is usually displayed as heroin dependence. Methadone has been shown to reduce opioid dependence with a high availability and acceptance. However, about a quarter or slightly less of patients do not improve and cannot give up illegal heroin entirely. As a result, they will be exposed to a situation that present risks to their health and lead to social exclusion. Although available clinical evidence on prescribed diacetylmorphine
shows that it is feasible and safe in reducing the many physical, mental, and social problems of those treatment-resistant heroin addicts, the implementation of it still faces significant technical and political barriers. Henceforth it is important to continue validation of the results of diacetylmorphine treatment, or to discover other better substitution treatments. In this study, we have proposed a bi-factor classical experiment and a controlled clinical trial. Either of them is designed to investigate our proposed substitution therapies for opioid dependent patients who have difficulty with methadone programs. The main difference between two designs is that randomization is not employed in the controlled clinical trial. The controlled clinical trial may be chosen when budget is lack for the bi-factor classical experiment. In either design, diacetylmorphine treatment and buprenorphine/naloxone treatment are respectively assigned to two experimental groups, while methadone treatment is assigned to control group. It should be pointed out that buprenorphine/naloxone treatment is a newly developed therapy for opioid dependence patients. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the feasibility, efficacy, safety and economy of the proposed substitution treatments.